Path: blob/main/tests/docs/extensions/project/_extensions/quarto-journals/springer/bib-styles/sn-apacite.bst
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%%
%% This is file `apacite.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% apacite.dtx (with options: `bibstyle')
%%
%% This is a generated file.
%%
%% Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
%% elsewhere in this file.
%%
%% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
%% -------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
%% version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later
%% version. The latest version of this license is in:
%%
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%%
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of
%% LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The `apacite' package consists of the files apacite.dtx and
%% apacite.ins, and the following generated files:
%% apacite.sty, apacdoc.sty, apacite.drv,
%% apacite.bst, apacitex.bst, apacann.bst, apacannx.bst,
%% apa5ex.bib, apacxmpl.tex,
%% english.apc, dutch.apc, finnish.apc, french.apc,
%% german.apc, ngerman.apc, greek.apc, norsk.apc,
%% spanish.apc, swedish.apc.
%%
%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'
%%
%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Erik Meijer
%%
%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the
%% source files of the apacite package, i.e., apacite.dtx and
%% apacite.ins. You may however distribute the apacite package without
%% the generated files.
%%
%% apacite.bst
%% [2013/07/21 v6.03 APA bibliography style]
%% apacite.bst : reference list according to APA manual
%% Written by Erik Meijer
FUNCTION {identify.apacite.version}
{ % Put identifying string in the .blg file
"apacite.bst"
" [2013/07/21 v6.03 APA bibliography style]"
* top$
}
ENTRY
{ address
annote
annotate
author
booktitle
chair
chapter
day
doi
edition
editor
englishtitle
firstkey
howpublished
institution
journal
key
keywords
lastchecked
month
nihms
note
number
organization
originaladdress
originalbooktitle
originaledition
originaleditor
originaljournal
originalnumber
originalpages
originalpublisher
originalvolume
originalyear
pages
pmcid
publisher
school
series
symposium
text
title
translator
type
url
urldate
volume
year
eprint
archive
archivePrefix
primaryClass
eid
adsurl
adsnote
version
}
{ cite.order %% order of first citation
title.number %% for sorting titles
cite.initials %% dummy (0-1) indicating whether or not
%% initials of the 1st author must
%% be used for citing
cite.num.names.full %% number of names to be cited for full and
cite.num.names.short %% short cite
add.to.year %% For a, b, c, etc. after year
%% in multiple citations with same author-year
}
{ year.label %% For sorting entries by year
author.year.sort.label %% For sorting entries and checking whether
%% initials should be added, how many authors
%% should be cited and whether a, b, etc.
%% after year is necessary
title.sort.label %% for sorting titles
citeorder.sort.label %% for sorting by citation order
type.2 %% Replacement for type with misc entries and
%% entries that revert to misc.
}
INTEGERS { len pos name.max old.number numnames numnames.old
nameptr lastname format.num.names cite.initials.old
cite.num.names.old add.to.year.old forward
multiresult dot brace.level
}
STRINGS { s t u old.label field
aut1f aut1s aut1f.old aut1s.old
aut2 aut2.old
aut3 aut3.old
aut4 aut4.old
aut5 aut5.old
aut6 aut6.old
year.label.old
}
FUNCTION {test} { #0 }
FUNCTION {dump.stack}
{ "---- STACK {" cite$ * "} ----" * top$
stack$
"---- END STACK {" cite$ * "} ----" * top$
}
FUNCTION {make.index} { #0 }
FUNCTION {unsorted} { #0 }
MACRO {jan} {"{\APACmonth{01}}"}
MACRO {feb} {"{\APACmonth{02}}"}
MACRO {mar} {"{\APACmonth{03}}"}
MACRO {apr} {"{\APACmonth{04}}"}
MACRO {may} {"{\APACmonth{05}}"}
MACRO {jun} {"{\APACmonth{06}}"}
MACRO {jul} {"{\APACmonth{07}}"}
MACRO {aug} {"{\APACmonth{08}}"}
MACRO {sep} {"{\APACmonth{09}}"}
MACRO {oct} {"{\APACmonth{10}}"}
MACRO {nov} {"{\APACmonth{11}}"}
MACRO {dec} {"{\APACmonth{12}}"}
MACRO {winter} {"{\APACmonth{13}}"}
MACRO {spring} {"{\APACmonth{14}}"}
MACRO {summer} {"{\APACmonth{15}}"}
MACRO {fall} {"{\APACmonth{16}}"}
FUNCTION {not}
{ { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {and}
{ 'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {or}
{ { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% issues warning if field is empty
% call with
% "field" field warning.if.empty
% Note that the first field must be between quotes
% because it is the fieldname for use in the warning message.
%
FUNCTION {warning.if.empty}
{ empty$
{ "No " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
{ pop$ }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% issues warning if title, type, and howpublished are empty
%
FUNCTION {check.relevant.fields}
{ title empty$
type empty$ and
howpublished empty$ and
{ "No title, type, and howpublished in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% delivers 1 if (both editor and translator
% not empty and not equal to each other)
% 0 if (editor or translator empty) or
% (editor = translator)
%
FUNCTION {editor.ne.trans}
{ translator empty$
{ #0 }
{ editor empty$
{ #0 }
{ translator editor =
{ #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {conv.int.to.str}
{ duplicate$ #10 <
{ "0000" swap$ int.to.str$ * }
{ duplicate$ #100 <
{ "000" swap$ int.to.str$ * }
{ duplicate$ #1000 <
{ "00" swap$ int.to.str$ * }
{ duplicate$ #10000 <
{ "0" swap$ int.to.str$ * }
{ int.to.str$ }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {ref.type}
{ type$ "article" =
type$ "magazine" =
type$ "newspaper" =
type$ "book" =
type$ "techreport" =
type$ "unpublished" =
type$ "misc" =
type$ "booklet" =
type$ "manual" =
type$ "proceedings" =
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
{ #1 }
{ type$ "incollection" =
type$ "phdthesis" =
type$ "mastersthesis" =
type$ "lecture" =
type$ "inbook" =
type$ "inproceedings" =
type$ "conference" =
type$ "intechreport" =
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
{ #2 }
{ type$ "literal" =
{ #3 }
{ #0 }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {is.atype}
{ type$ "article" =
type$ "magazine" =
type$ "newspaper" =
type$ "incollection" =
type$ "inbook" =
type$ "inproceedings" =
type$ "conference" =
type$ "intechreport" =
type$ "manual" =
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
{ #1 }
{ journal empty$ not
%
type$ "phdthesis" =
type$ "mastersthesis" =
or
%
and
{ #1 }
{ type$ "misc" =
type empty$ not and
{ type "\bibmessage" =
type "\bibcomputerprogram" =
type "\bibcomputerprogrammanual" =
type "\bibcomputerprogramandmanual" =
type "\bibcomputersoftware" =
type "\bibcomputersoftwaremanual" =
type "\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual" =
type "\bibprogramminglanguage" =
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
{ #1 }
{ #0 }
if$
}
{ #0 }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% connects two strings with connect string
% if one of them empty, then connect string
% is left out
%
% call with S1 S2 connectstring connect.check
%
FUNCTION {connect.check}
{ 'u :=
%
% if S2 = ""
%
duplicate$ empty$
%
% then remove S2
%
{ pop$
%
% S1 is on top of stack.
% if it is empty, it is replaced by the empty string ""
%
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
%
% else swap S1 and S2 so that S1 can be checked
%
{ swap$
%
% if S1 is empty, remove S1 so that S2 is left on the
% stack and is the result is given
%
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ }
%
% now the real work starts:
% push the connect string "C"
% so that top of stack is "C" "S1" "S2"
% concatenate, so that top of stack is
% "S1+C" "S2"
%
{ u *
%
% swap and concatenate
%
swap$ *
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% connects two strings with space ("\ ")
% if length of second is 4 or larger,
% connects them with non-breaking space ("tie", "~")
% if length of second smaller than 4
%
% call with S1 S2 tie.or.space.connect
% result: "S1\ S2" or "S1~S2"
%
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #4 <
{ "~" }
{ "\ " }
if$
swap$ * *
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% connects two strings with comma (", ")
% if one of them is empty, the comma is left out
%
% call with S1 S2 connect.with.comma.check
% result: "S1, S2"
%
FUNCTION {connect.with.comma.check}
{ ", " connect.check }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% connects two strings with semicolon ("; ")
% if one of them is empty, semicolon is left out
%
% call with S1 S2 connect.with.semicolon.check
% result: "S1; S2"
%
FUNCTION {connect.with.semicolon.check}
{ "; " connect.check }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% connects two strings with colon (": ")
% if one of them is empty, colon is left out
%
% call with S1 S2 connect.with.colon.check
% result: "S1: S2"
%
FUNCTION {connect.with.colon.check}
{ ": " connect.check }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% connects two strings with space ("\ ")
%
% call with S1 S2 connect.with.space.check
% result: "S1\ S2"
%
FUNCTION {connect.with.space.check}
{ "\ " connect.check }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% encloses string in pre- and postfix string
% call with
% prefix postfix S enclose.check
% delivers empty string if S empty
%
FUNCTION {enclose.check}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ pop$ pop$
""
}
{ swap$ * * }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% emphasizes top of stack
% call with
% "string" emphasize.check
%
FUNCTION {emphasize.check}
{ "\Bem{" swap$
"}" swap$
enclose.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% brackets top of stack
% call with
% "string" bracket
%
FUNCTION {bracket.check}
{ "[" swap$
"]" swap$
enclose.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% parenthesizes top of stack
% call with
% "string" parenthesize
%
FUNCTION {parenthesize.check}
{ "(" swap$
")" swap$
enclose.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% checks whether argument is "multiresult":
% whether it contains '-', '+', or ',' characters
% used with pages to check whether pp. or p. must be used
%
FUNCTION {multi.result.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
%
% while (not multiresult) and (length(t) > 1) do
%
{ multiresult not
t text.length$ #1 >
and
}
%
% if t(1-2) = "--" or t(1) = "+" or ","
% then multiresult = 1
% else t = t(2-last)
%
{ t #1 #2 substring$ 's :=
"--" s =
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ 's :=
"+" s =
"," s =
or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% Checks whether an author is a corporate author, i.e.,
% whether the field starts with "{\bibcorporate".
% Call with
% field is.bibcorporate
%
FUNCTION {is.bibcorporate}
{ #1 #14 substring$ "{\bibcorporate" = }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {remove.spaces}
{ % Remove spaces from string.
% Works best if string only contains alphanumeric characters and spaces.
's := % The original string
s text.length$ 'len := % Its length (no. of characters)
"" 't := % Initialize the transformed string
#0 'pos :=
%
% while (pos < len) do
%
{ pos len < }
{ pos #1 + 'pos :=
s pos #1 substring$ 'u :=
%
% u is the pos-th character in s
% If it is a space, move to next character,
% else copy character to output.
%
u " " =
'skip$
{ t u * 't := }
if$
}
while$
%
% Now push the result back on the stack
t
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% end block by writing what's left on the stack and
% starting a new line
%
FUNCTION {output.end.block}
{ write$
newline$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% end block by adding a period and writing what's left
% on the stack and starting a new line
%
FUNCTION {output.dot.end.block}
{ add.period$
output.end.block
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% starting new block by writing what's left on the stack,
% starting a new line and adding some extra space or
% whatever is more defined in \newblock
%
FUNCTION {output.new.block}
{ output.end.block
"\newblock" write$ newline$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% starting new block by writing what's left on the stack,
% starting a new line and adding some extra space or
% whatever is more defined in \newblock
%
FUNCTION {output.dot.new.block}
{ add.period$
output.new.block
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {start.new.block}
{ "\unskip\ " write$ newline$
"\newblock " write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {sort.name.format.classic} { "{ll{}}{ f{}}{ vv{}}{ jj{}}" }
FUNCTION {cite.name.format.classic} { "{ll}" }
FUNCTION {author.name.format.classic} { "{ll}{, f{.}.}{ vv}{, jj}" }
FUNCTION {index.name.format.classic} { "{ll}{, f{.}.}{ vv}{, jj}" }
FUNCTION {sort.name.format} { "{vv{}}{ll{}}{ f{}}{ jj{}}" }
FUNCTION {cite.name.format} { "{vv }{ll}" }
FUNCTION {cite.initials.name.format} { "{f{.}.~~}{vv }{ll}{ jj}" }
FUNCTION {author.name.format} { "{vv }{ll}{, f{.}.}{, jj}" }
FUNCTION {editor.name.format} { "{f{.}.~~}{vv }{ll}{ jj}" }
FUNCTION {index.name.format} { "{vv }{ll}{, f{.}.}{, jj}" }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {init.initials}
{ "yyyyy" 'aut1f.old :=
"yyyyy" 'aut1s.old :=
#0 'cite.initials.old :=
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {update.no.initials}
{ 'field :=
field 'aut1f.old :=
field 'aut1s.old :=
#0 'cite.initials.old :=
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {check.add.initials.aut}
{ %
% If last name is equal to previous last name
% but initials are different, then initials should
% be cited. If initials are also the same, initials
% should be cited if that is the case for the previous
% author .
%
aut1s aut1s.old =
{ aut1f aut1f.old =
{ cite.initials.old 'cite.initials := }
{ #1 'cite.initials :=
aut1f 'aut1f.old :=
aut1s 'aut1s.old :=
cite.initials 'cite.initials.old :=
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different last name.
aut1f 'aut1f.old :=
aut1s 'aut1s.old :=
cite.initials 'cite.initials.old :=
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {check.add.initials.field}
{ 'field :=
field #1 cite.initials.name.format format.name$ 'aut1f :=
field #1 cite.name.format format.name$ 'aut1s :=
%
% Now do the actual work
%
check.add.initials.aut
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {check.add.initials}
{ %
% Check whether author or editor or other field acts as author.
% Initials are only relevant with author or editor.
%
firstkey empty$ not
{ key empty$ not
{ %
% Both key and firstkey are nonempty.
% Then, key is treated as last name of first author,
% and firstkey is treated as last name + initials of
% first author .
%
firstkey sortify remove.spaces 'aut1f :=
key sortify remove.spaces 'aut1s :=
check.add.initials.aut
}
{ firstkey sortify remove.spaces update.no.initials }
if$
}
{ key empty$ not
{ key sortify remove.spaces update.no.initials }
{ %
% No key or firstkey, so find out which field
% to use as author.
%
% Check reference type:
% if result is 1 then possibly editor acts as author
% 2 then editor does not act as author
% 3 then key should have been used
% 0 then unknown reference type
ref.type #2 =
{ %
% Format first author with and without initials
author empty$
{ title.sort.label update.no.initials }
{ author check.add.initials.field }
if$
}
{ %
% Format first author with and without initials
author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ title.sort.label update.no.initials }
{ editor check.add.initials.field }
if$
}
{ author check.add.initials.field }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {tentative.cite.num.names.field}
{ 'field :=
field num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames #3 <
{ %
% 1 or 2 names: always cite all of them.
numnames 'cite.num.names.full :=
numnames 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ numnames #6 <
{ %
% 3-5 names: cite all of them the first time,
% only the first name later times
numnames 'cite.num.names.full :=
#1 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ %
% 6 or more names: cite only the first name
#1 'cite.num.names.full :=
#1 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {tentative.cite.num.names}
{ %
% Check whether author or editor or other field acts as author.
% Number of names is only relevant with author or editor.
%
firstkey empty$ not
{
#1 'cite.num.names.full :=
#1 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ key empty$ not
{
#1 'cite.num.names.full :=
#1 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ %
% No key or firstkey, so find out which field
% to use as author.
%
% Check reference type:
% if result is 1 then possibly editor acts as author
% 2 then editor does not act as author
% 3 then key should have been used
% 0 then unknown reference type
ref.type #2 =
{ %
% Format first author with and without initials
author empty$
{
#1 'cite.num.names.full :=
#1 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ author tentative.cite.num.names.field }
if$
}
{ %
% Format first author with and without initials
author empty$
{ editor empty$
{
#1 'cite.num.names.full :=
#1 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ editor tentative.cite.num.names.field }
if$
}
{ author tentative.cite.num.names.field }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {init.cite.num.names}
{ #0 'cite.num.names.old :=
#0 'numnames.old :=
"yyyy" 'year.label.old :=
#0 'add.to.year.old :=
"" 'aut1f.old :=
"" 'aut2.old :=
"" 'aut3.old :=
"" 'aut4.old :=
"" 'aut5.old :=
"" 'aut6.old :=
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {update.cite.num.names}
{ cite.num.names.short 'cite.num.names.old :=
numnames 'numnames.old :=
year.label 'year.label.old :=
add.to.year 'add.to.year.old :=
aut1f 'aut1f.old :=
aut2 'aut2.old :=
aut3 'aut3.old :=
aut4 'aut4.old :=
aut5 'aut5.old :=
aut6 'aut6.old :=
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.6.authors}
{ %
% First author: with initials.
%
field #1 cite.initials.name.format format.name$ 'aut1f :=
%
% Second and later authors: without initials.
%
numnames #1 >
name.max #1 >
and
{ %
% 2nd author
field #2 cite.name.format format.name$ 'aut2 :=
%
numnames #2 >
name.max #2 >
and
{ %
% 3nd author
field #3 cite.name.format format.name$ 'aut3 :=
%
numnames #3 >
name.max #3 >
and
{ %
% 4th author
field #4 cite.name.format format.name$ 'aut4 :=
%
numnames #4 >
name.max #4 >
and
{ %
% 5th author
field #5 cite.name.format format.name$ 'aut5 :=
%
numnames #5 >
name.max #5 >
and
{ %
% 6th author
field #6 cite.name.format format.name$ 'aut6 :=
}
{ %
% 5 authors: 6 is empty
%
"" 'aut6 :=
}
if$
}
{ %
% 4 authors: 5-6 are empty
%
"" 'aut5 :=
"" 'aut6 :=
}
if$
}
{ %
% 3 authors: 4-6 are empty
%
"" 'aut4 :=
"" 'aut5 :=
"" 'aut6 :=
}
if$
}
{ %
% 2 authors: 3-6 are empty
%
"" 'aut3 :=
"" 'aut4 :=
"" 'aut5 :=
"" 'aut6 :=
}
if$
}
{ %
% Only 1 author: 2-6 are empty
%
"" 'aut2 :=
"" 'aut3 :=
"" 'aut4 :=
"" 'aut5 :=
"" 'aut6 :=
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {change.add.to.year}
{
forward #1 =
{ %
% Moving forward: this add.to.year number must be 1 higher than
% previous.
%
add.to.year.old #0 >
{ add.to.year.old #1 + 'add.to.year := }
{ #2 'add.to.year := }
if$
}
{ %
% Moving backward: this add.to.year number must be 1 lower than
% previous.
%
add.to.year.old #1 - 'add.to.year :=
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {definitive.cite.num.names.1.or.2}
{ %
numnames numnames.old =
{ %
% Same number of names: ambiguity could arise. Check whether current
% and previous have the same author(s).
%
aut1f aut1f.old =
{ %
% Same first author: if the second author is also the same or if
% there is only one author, a's and b's should be added.
%
aut2 aut2.old =
numnames #2 =
and
%
numnames #1 =
or
{ %
% Same author(s): add to year.
%
change.add.to.year
}
{ %
% Different second author: no ambiguity possible.
%
skip$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different first author: no ambiguity possible.
%
skip$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different number of names: no ambiguity possible.
%
skip$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {definitive.cite.num.names.3.or.more}
{ %
% Check whether current and previous have the same first author.
%
aut1f aut1f.old =
{ %
% Same first author: check second author
%
aut2 aut2.old =
{ %
% Same 1st & 2nd author: check 3rd.
%
aut3 aut3.old =
{ %
% Same 1st-3rd authors: check 4th.
%
numnames.old #3 =
{ numnames #3 =
{ %
% Both current and previous have 3 authors, which are
% the same, so both have identical author-year
% combinations, so ambiguity should be resolved by
% a's and b's. Check whether more authors were
% necessary for previous one.
%
change.add.to.year
cite.num.names.short cite.num.names.old <
{ cite.num.names.old
'cite.num.names.short :=
}
'skip$
if$
}
{ %
% Previous has 3 authors, current has more, with same
% first 3, so at least 4 must be used for current to
% make a difference.
%
cite.num.names.short #4 <
{ #4 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
{ numnames #3 =
{ %
% Current has 3 authors, previous has more, with same
% first 3, so all 3 of current must be used.
%
numnames 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ %
% Same 1st-3rd author and both current and previous
% have at least 4 authors: check 4th.
%
aut4 aut4.old =
{ %
% Same 1st-4th authors: check 5th.
%
numnames.old #4 =
{ numnames #4 =
{ %
% Both current and previous have 4 authors,
% which are the same, so both have
% identical author-year combinations, so
% ambiguity should be resolved by a's and
% b's. Check whether more authors were
% necessary for previous one.
%
change.add.to.year
cite.num.names.short cite.num.names.old <
{ cite.num.names.old
'cite.num.names.short :=
}
'skip$
if$
}
{ %
% Previous has 4 authors, current has more,
% with same first 4, so at least 5 must be
% used for current to make a difference.
%
cite.num.names.short #5 <
{ #5 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
{ numnames #4 =
{ %
% Current has 4 authors, previous has more,
% with same first 4, so all 4 of current
% must be used.
%
numnames 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ %
% Same 1st-4th author and both current and
% previous have at least 5 authors: check
% 5th.
%
aut5 aut5.old =
{ %
% Same 1st-5th authors: check 6th.
%
numnames.old #5 =
{ numnames #5 =
{ %
% Both current and previous
% have 5 authors, which are the
% same, so both have identical
% author-year combinations, so
% ambiguity should be resolved
% by a's and b's. Check whether
% more authors were necessary
% for previous one.
%
change.add.to.year
cite.num.names.short
cite.num.names.old <
{ cite.num.names.old
'cite.num.names.short :=
}
'skip$
if$
}
{ %
% Previous has 5 authors,
% current has more, with same
% first 5, so at least 6 must
% be used for current to make
% a difference.
%
cite.num.names.short #6 <
{ #6 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
{ numnames #5 =
{ %
% Current has 5 authors,
% previous has more, with same
% first 5, so all 5 of current
% must be used.
%
numnames 'cite.num.names.short :=
}
{ %
% Same 1st-5th author and both
% current and previous have at
% least 6 authors. If one has
% 6 authors and the other has
% more or the 6th is different,
% 6 should be used (which is
% the maximum).
%
numnames #6 >
numnames.old #6 =
and
%
numnames #6 =
numnames.old #6 >
and
%
or
%
aut6 aut6.old =
not
%
or
{ #6 cite.num.names.short <
{ #6
'cite.num.names.short
:=
}
'skip$
if$
}
{ %
% The first 6 authors are
% the same and either both
% have 6 or both have more.
% So for all practical
% purposes they have
% identical author-year
% combination, so ambiguity
% should be resolved by a's
% and b's. Check whether
% more authors were
% necessary for previous
% one.
%
change.add.to.year
cite.num.names.short
cite.num.names.old
<
{ cite.num.names.old
'cite.num.names.short
:=
}
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different 5th author: citing 5 authors is
% sufficient for this comparison.
%
cite.num.names.short #5 <
{ #5 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different 4th author: citing 4 authors is
% sufficient for this comparison.
%
cite.num.names.short #4 <
{ #4 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different 3rd author: citing 3 authors is sufficient for this
% comparison.
%
cite.num.names.short #3 <
{ #3 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different 2nd author: citing 2 authors is sufficient for this
% comparison.
%
cite.num.names.short #2 <
{ #2 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
{ %
% Different first author: no ambiguity, move to next entry.
%
skip$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {definitive.cite.num.names.field}
{ 'field :=
field num.names$ 'numnames :=
%
% Format authors
%
format.6.authors
%
% Now compare authors with authors of previous entry.
%
cite.num.names.short numnames.old >
{ %
% The previous entry has less authors than already defined
% necessary to be cited. No ambiguity is possible and we're ready.
%
skip$
}
{ %
% Both previous and current entry have at least one author .
%
year.label year.label.old =
{ %
% Same year label: possibly ambiguous citation.
%
% First check: current and/or previous have 1 or
% 2 authors.
%
numnames #3 <
numnames.old #3 <
or
%
{ definitive.cite.num.names.1.or.2 }
{ definitive.cite.num.names.3.or.more }
if$
}
{ %
% Different year label: everything's fine,
% move to next entry.
%
skip$
}
if$
}
if$
%
% If during the previous process the name maximum is exceeded
% (which was not checked), correct this. NOTE: If the name
% maximum is smaller than 6, this could lead to ambiguous
% citations if, e.g., the year and the first 5 authors are
% the same, but the 6th author is different.
%
cite.num.names.short name.max >
{ name.max 'cite.num.names.short := }
'skip$
if$
%
% For a "full" cite, the number of names should always be at least
% as large as for a "short" cite.
%
cite.num.names.full cite.num.names.short <
{ cite.num.names.short 'cite.num.names.full := }
'skip$
if$
%
% Update "old" variables for next entry.
%
update.cite.num.names
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {definitive.cite.no.names}
{ %
% The formatted field that acts as author is on top
% of the stack.
'aut1f :=
"" 'aut2 :=
"" 'aut3 :=
"" 'aut4 :=
"" 'aut5 :=
"" 'aut6 :=
#1 'numnames :=
%
year.label year.label.old =
{ %
% Same year label: possibly ambiguous citation.
%
definitive.cite.num.names.1.or.2
}
{ %
% Different year label: everything's fine,
% move to next entry.
%
skip$
}
if$
%
% Update "old" variables for next entry.
%
update.cite.num.names
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {definitive.cite.num.names}
{ %
% Check whether author or editor or other field acts as author.
% Number of names is only relevant with author or editor.
%
firstkey empty$ not
{ firstkey sortify remove.spaces definitive.cite.no.names }
{ key empty$ not
{ key sortify remove.spaces definitive.cite.no.names }
{ %
% No key or firstkey, so find out which field
% to use as author.
%
% Check reference type:
% if result is 1 then possibly editor acts as author
% 2 then editor does not act as author
% 3 then key should have been used
% 0 then unknown reference type
ref.type #2 =
{ %
% Format first author with and without initials
author empty$
{ title.sort.label definitive.cite.no.names }
{ author definitive.cite.num.names.field }
if$
}
{ %
% Format first author with and without initials
author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ title.sort.label definitive.cite.no.names }
{ editor definitive.cite.num.names.field }
if$
}
{ author definitive.cite.num.names.field }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.tentative.year.sort.label}
{ %
% Implicit or explicit ``no date'' is put at the front
% (the year zero; years B.C. will imply complications)
% because these are possibly old works.
% ``In press'' is put at the end.
%
year empty$
{ "0000" 'year.label := }
{ year "\bibnodate" =
year "l" change.case$ "no date" = or
year "l" change.case$ "n.d." = or
{ "0000" 'year.label := }
{ year "\BIP" =
year "l" change.case$ "in press" = or
year "l" change.case$ "forthcoming" = or
{ "9999" 'year.label := }
{ % It is not checked whether the year field
% makes sense.
year sortify remove.spaces 'year.label :=
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
%
% Push year sort label on the stack
year.label
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {month.number.day}
{ month empty$
{ "" }
{ month sortify remove.spaces
%
% Add the day when available.
day empty$
'skip$
{ "/" *
day sortify remove.spaces *
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.name.sort.label}
{ %
% Author or editor-acting-as-author available.
% => Make tentative "short cite with initials" author
% label (L1) of one of the forms
% "Last1 F1"
% "Last1 F1 Last2"
% "Last1 F1 zzzz" ("zzzz" representing et al.)
% => If more than 2 'authors': make label (L2) for 2nd-6th authors
% of one of the forms
% "Last2 Last3"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4 Last5"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4 Last5 Last6"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4 Last5 Last6 zzzz"
%
% Then format year label (L3) of one of the forms:
% "0000" (missing year or explicit 'no date')
% "9999" ('in press')
% year (otherwise; don't use originalyear here yet)
%
% From earlier sorting of titles, we have title number. Convert
% to string, which gives title label (L4) .
%
% Then tentative sorting label (author.year.sort.label) is a
% concatenation of
% L1
% " "
% L3
% " "
% L2
% " "
% L4
%
% The name field is on top of the stack.
'field :=
%
% numnames is the total number of names contained in field
field num.names$ 'numnames :=
%
% Format first author
field #1 sort.name.format format.name$
%
% Format the second author if there are two, or else "zzzz" = et al.
numnames #1 =
'skip$
{ numnames #2 =
{ %
% Two authors: format second author
field #2 "{ll{}}" format.name$ 's :=
s "others" =
{ " zzzz" * } % Add "et al."-substitute
{ " " * s * } % Add second author
if$
}
{ " zzzz" * } % 3 or more authors: add "et al."-substitute
if$
}
if$
" " * % Add spaces
make.tentative.year.sort.label * % Add year (L3).
" " * % Add spaces
%
% Now build up L2 if applicable
numnames #3 <
'skip$
{ %
% Treat last author slightly differently
numnames name.max >
{ name.max 'lastname :=
" zzzz" % Push "et al."-substitute on stack
}
{ numnames 'lastname :=
"" % Push empty string on stack
}
if$
%
% Names 2 to "last" - 1
"" % Push empty string on stack
#2 'nameptr :=
{ nameptr lastname < }
{ % Add name no. nameptr
field nameptr "{ll{}}" format.name$ *
" " *
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
while$
%
% "Last" author
field lastname "{ll{}}" format.name$ 's :=
s "others" =
{ "zzzz" * } % Add "et al."-substitute
{ s * } % Add last author
if$
%
swap$ * % Add the previously formatted empty string or
% "et al."-substitute if there are many authors.
* % Add L2 to the earlier labels.
}
if$
%
" " * % Add spaces
title.number conv.int.to.str * % Add sorted title number (L4).
sortify % Clean up and convert to lowercase
" " * % Add spaces
month.number.day * % Add month and day when available
'author.year.sort.label := % Assign result to sort label.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.field.year.sort.label}
{ %
% 'field' acts as first author (L1), subsequent authors
% are empty (L2).
%
% Then format year label (L3) of one of the forms:
% "0000" (missing year or explicit 'no date')
% "9999" ('in press')
% year (otherwise; don't use originalyear here yet)
%
% From earlier sorting of titles, we have title number. Convert
% to string, which gives title label (L4) .
%
% Then tentative sorting label (author.year.sort.label) is a
% concatenation of
% L1
% " "
% L3
% " "
% L2
% " "
% L4
%
% 'field' is on top of the stack. It is already supposed to be cleaned
% (i.e., sortified and space-removed), so this is already L1.
" " * % Add spaces to L1
make.tentative.year.sort.label * % Add year (L3).
" " * % Add spaces
" " * % L2 is empty, add spaces
title.number conv.int.to.str * % Add sorted title number (L4).
sortify % Clean up and convert to lowercase
" " * % Add spaces
month.number.day * % Add month and day when available
'author.year.sort.label := % Assign result to sort label.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.author.editor.sort.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ %
% Use what has previously been stored in title.sort.label
% as author substitute .
title.sort.label make.field.year.sort.label
}
{ editor make.name.sort.label }
if$
}
{ author make.name.sort.label }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.author.sort.label}
{ author empty$
{ %
% Use what has previously been stored in title.sort.label
% as author substitute .
title.sort.label make.field.year.sort.label
}
{ author make.name.sort.label }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.tentative.sort.label}
{ %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% General strategy:
%
% Ordinary situation: author or editor-acting-as-author
% available.
% => Make tentative "short cite with initials" author
% label (L1) of one of the forms
% "Last1 F1"
% "Last1 F1 Last2"
% "Last1 F1 zzzz" ("zzzz" representing et al.)
% => If more than 2 'authors': make label (L2) for 2nd-6th authors
% of one of the forms
% "Last2 Last3"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4 Last5"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4 Last5 Last6"
% "Last2 Last3 Last4 Last5 Last6 zzzz"
% When key is available (overrules author and editor fields):
% => L1 = key, L2 = ""
% No author, editor, and key: define title or substitute as key
% and format as key.
%
% Then format year label (L3) of one of the forms:
% "0000" (missing year or explicit 'no date')
% "9999" ('in press')
% year (otherwise; don't use originalyear here yet)
%
% From earlier sorting of titles, we have title number. Convert
% to string, which gives title label (L4) .
%
% Then tentative sorting label (author.year.sort.label) is a
% concatenation of
% L1
% " "
% L3
% " "
% L2
% " "
% L4
%
% This can then be sorted, from which it can be derived
% whether initials are necessary, how many names must
% be used for short and full citations, and whether "a"'s and
% "b"'s etc. are necessary behind the year labels.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% key and firstkey overrule author information
%
firstkey empty$ not
{ key empty$ not
{ %
% Both key and firstkey available:
% for sorting and checking initials, treat key as last
% name and firstkey as initials.
%
key sortify remove.spaces
" " *
firstkey sortify remove.spaces *
make.field.year.sort.label
}
{ firstkey sortify remove.spaces make.field.year.sort.label }
if$
}
{ key empty$ not
{ key sortify remove.spaces make.field.year.sort.label }
{ %
% No key or firstkey, so find out which field
% to use as author.
%
% Check reference type:
% if result is 1 then possibly editor acts as author
% 2 then editor does not act as author
% 3 then key should have been used
% 0 then unknown reference type
ref.type
duplicate$ #1 =
{ pop$
make.author.editor.sort.label
}
{ duplicate$ #2 =
{ pop$
make.author.sort.label
}
{ #3 =
{ "no key in " cite$ * warning$
make.author.editor.sort.label
}
{ make.author.editor.sort.label }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
%
author.year.sort.label 'sort.key$ :=
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.definitive.name.sort.label}
{ %
% Author or editor-acting-as-author available.
% => Make author-with-initials label (L1) of one of the forms
% "Last1 F1 Last2 F2 ... LastN FN"
% "Last1 F1 Last2 F2 ... Last6 F6 zzzz"
% (where N <= 6 is the total number of authors, and
% "zzzz" represents et al. if there are more than 6 authors)
% No author, editor, and key: define title or substitute as sort key.
%
% The name field is on top of the stack.
'field :=
%
% numnames is the total number of names contained in field
field num.names$ 'numnames :=
%
% If there are more than 6 authors, only 6 are mentioned.
numnames name.max >
{ name.max 'format.num.names := }
{ numnames 'format.num.names := }
if$
% Initialize stack with empty string
""
%
% Cycle over authors.
#1 'nameptr :=
{ nameptr format.num.names < }
{ % Format author and add spaces
field nameptr sort.name.format format.name$ *
" " *
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
while$
% Format last author that must be formatted
field nameptr sort.name.format format.name$ *
% Add et al. if necessary
nameptr numnames <
{ " zzzz" * }
'skip$
if$
sortify % Clean up and change case
" " * % Add spaces
year.label * % Add year
" " * % Add spaces
title.number conv.int.to.str * % Add sorted title number
" " * % Add spaces
month.number.day * % Add month and day when available
'author.year.sort.label := % Assign result to sort label.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.definitive.field.year.sort.label}
{ %
% 'field' acts as author (L1).
%
% Then format year label (L2) of one of the forms:
% "0000" (missing year or explicit `no date')
% "9999" (`in press')
% year (otherwise; don't use originalyear here yet)
%
% From earlier sorting of titles, we have title number. Convert
% to string, which gives title label (L3) .
%
% Then tentative sorting label (author.year.sort.label) is a
% concatenation of
% L1
% " "
% L2
% " "
% L3
%
% 'field' is on top of the stack. It is already supposed to be cleaned
% (i.e., sortified and space-removed), so this is already L1.
" " * % Add spaces
year.label * % Add year
" " * % Add spaces
title.number conv.int.to.str * % Add sorted title number
" " * % Add spaces
month.number.day * % Add month and day when available
'author.year.sort.label := % Assign result to sort label.
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.definitive.author.editor.sort.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ %
% Use what has previously been stored in title.sort.label
% as author substitute .
title.sort.label make.definitive.field.year.sort.label
}
{ editor make.definitive.name.sort.label }
if$
}
{ author make.definitive.name.sort.label }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.definitive.author.sort.label}
{ author empty$
{ %
% Use what has previously been stored in title.sort.label
% as author substitute .
title.sort.label make.definitive.field.year.sort.label
}
{ author make.definitive.name.sort.label }
if$
}
FUNCTION {make.final.sort.key}
{ ref.type #2 =
{ make.definitive.author.sort.label }
{ make.definitive.author.editor.sort.label }
if$
unsorted
{ citeorder.sort.label 'sort.key$ := }
{ author.year.sort.label 'sort.key$ := }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
{ s }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {chop.articles}
{ 's :=
"a " #2
"an " #3
"the " #4
s
chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.sort.title}
{ %
% Remove non-alphanumeric characters and change to lower case .
sortify
%
% Remove "a ", "an ", and "the " from the front .
chop.articles #1 entry.max$ substring$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.sort.title}
{ title empty$
{ text empty$
{ type empty$
{ howpublished empty$
{ note empty$
{ url empty$
{ " " }
{ url format.sort.title }
if$
}
{ note format.sort.title }
if$
}
{ howpublished format.sort.title }
if$
}
{ type format.sort.title }
if$
}
{ text format.sort.title }
if$
}
{ title format.sort.title }
if$
remove.spaces
'title.sort.label :=
title.sort.label 'sort.key$ :=
}
FUNCTION {make.title.number}
{ title.sort.label old.label =
{
old.number 'title.number :=
}
{
old.number #1 + 'title.number :=
title.number 'old.number :=
title.sort.label 'old.label :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {make.citeorder.number}
{ old.number #1 + 'cite.order :=
cite.order 'old.number :=
cite.order conv.int.to.str 'citeorder.sort.label :=
}
FUNCTION {last.part.name.format.classic} { "{ll}" }
FUNCTION {von.junior.name.format.classic} { "{ vv}{, jj}" }
FUNCTION {last.part.name.format} { "{vv }{ll}" }
FUNCTION {initials.with.space.name.format} { "{f.}" }
FUNCTION {von.last.junior.name.format} { "{vv }{ll}{ jj}" }
FUNCTION {von.junior.name.format} { "{, jj}" }
FUNCTION {one.complete.name.format} { "{vv }{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {string.length}
{ #0 'pos :=
% If the next character exists, i.e., is not empty,
% add 1 to the string length.
% We cannot use empty$ because " " empty$ is true.
{ duplicate$ pos #1 + #1 substring$ "" = not }
{ pos #1 + 'pos := }
while$
pop$ pos
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {transform.spaces.and.hyphens}
{ 's := % The original string
s string.length 'len := % Its length (no. of characters)
"" 't := % Initialize the transformed string
#1 'pos :=
#0 'brace.level :=
%
% while (pos < len) do
%
{ pos len < }
{ % First, check whether we are at brace level 0
brace.level #0 =
{
% At least two characters left: check for ". ", ".~", and ".-".
% If so, replace and shift two positions.
s pos #2 substring$ ". " =
s pos #2 substring$ ".~" = or
{ t "." * 't :=
pos #2 + 'pos :=
}
{ s pos #2 substring$ ".-" =
{ t "\BHBI " * 't :=
pos #2 + 'pos :=
}
{ % neither is true, copy one character and shift one position
t s pos #1 substring$ * 't :=
% Check whether we need to increase brace level.
% Note that this is not sophisticated: it does not capture
% \{, \verb+}+, etc.
% Note also that unbalanced braces cause problems.
s pos #1 substring$ "{" =
{ brace.level #1 + 'brace.level := }
'skip$
if$
pos #1 + 'pos :=
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ % Not at brace level 0: copy result literally
t s pos #1 substring$ * 't :=
% Check whether we need to increase or decrease brace level.
% Note that this is not sophisticated: it does not capture
% \{, \verb+}+, etc.
s pos #1 substring$ "{" =
{ brace.level #1 + 'brace.level := }
{ s pos #1 substring$ "}" =
{ brace.level #1 - 'brace.level := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
pos #1 + 'pos :=
}
if$
}
while$
%
pos len =
{ % Last character, copy
t s pos #1 substring$ * 't :=
}
{ % pos = len + 1, so s ends with ". " or ".-"
% This should not have happened, but make the best out of it.
% Push last two characters of s on the stack, i.e., ". " or ".-".
s len #1 - #2 substring$
% Remove "\BPBI " or "\BHBI " from t
t text.length$ 'len := % Length of t (no. of characters)
t #1 len #6 - substring$
% Concatenate and assign to t
swap$ * 't :=
}
if$
%
% Now push the result back on the stack
t
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.initials.with.hyphen}
{ % Format initials.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.initials.with.hyphen
% e.g.
% author #1 format.initials.with.hyphen
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
%
% First, format initials in the default way, retaining spaces
% and hyphens.
initials.with.space.name.format format.name$
transform.spaces.and.hyphens
}
FUNCTION {format.last.part.name}
{ % Format a name with last.part.name.format,
% as part of more complicated things.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.last.part.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.last.part.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
last.part.name.format format.name$
}
FUNCTION {format.von.last.junior.name}
{ % Format a name with von.last.junior.name.format,
% for citing or as part of more complicated things.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.von.last.junior.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.von.last.junior.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
von.last.junior.name.format format.name$
}
FUNCTION {format.von.junior.name}
{ % Format a name with von.last.junior.name.format,
% for citing or as part of more complicated things.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.von.junior.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.von.junior.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
von.junior.name.format format.name$
}
FUNCTION {format.cite.initials.name}
{ % Format a name for citing with initials.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.cite.initials.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.cite.initials.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
%
% First, extract the complete name, format it in the canonical form,
% and push on the stack.
one.complete.name.format format.name$
%
% Format the initials and push on the stack.
duplicate$ #1 format.initials.with.hyphen
%
% Format the von-last-junior part and push on the stack.
swap$ #1 format.von.last.junior.name
%
% Connect with "~" hyphen (if they're both non-empty).
"~" connect.check
}
FUNCTION {format.author.name}
{ % Format an author name for the reference list.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.author.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.author.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
%
% First, extract the complete name, format it in the canonical form,
% and push on the stack.
one.complete.name.format format.name$
%
% Make two copies of the name, format the last name and push on the stack.
duplicate$ duplicate$ #1 format.last.part.name
%
% Format the initials and push on the stack.
swap$ #1 format.initials.with.hyphen
%
% Connect with last name.
connect.with.comma.check
%
% Format the von-junior part and connect with initials.
swap$ #1 format.von.junior.name "" connect.check
}
FUNCTION {format.editor.name}
{ % Format a name for the reference list as an editor.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.editor.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.editor.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
%
format.cite.initials.name
}
FUNCTION {format.index.name}
{ % Format an author name for the index.
% Call with
% field authornumber format.index.name
% e.g.
% author #1 format.index.name
% Instead of field, a string may also be used.
%
format.author.name
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {comma.between.two} { "\BCBT {}" }
FUNCTION {comma.between.names} { ", " }
FUNCTION {comma.before.last} { "\BCBL {}" }
FUNCTION {dots.before.last} { "\BDBL {}" }
FUNCTION {and.before.last} { "\ \BBA {} " }
FUNCTION {no.and.before.last} { " " }
FUNCTION {et.al.string.cite} { "\ \protect \BOthers {.}" }
FUNCTION {et.al.string} { "\ \BOthers {.}" }
FUNCTION {et.al.string.period} { "\ \BOthersPeriod {.}" }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {add.name.index}
{ %
%
make.index
{ "%" * write$ newline$
% Check for corporate author
field is.bibcorporate
{ "\corporateAX{" }
{ "\AX{" }
if$
write$
field nameptr sort.name.format format.name$ sortify write$ newline$
"@" write$
field nameptr format.index.name
"}%" * write$ newline$
}
{ "%" * write$ newline$ }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.name.cite.label}
{ 'field :=
'format.num.names :=
%
field num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames is the total number of names
% contained in field
%
% It is implicit in the APA manual that if "et al." would refer
% to exactly one author, then this author should be named
% instead of "et al."
%
format.num.names numnames #1 - =
{ numnames 'format.num.names := }
'skip$
if$
%
% Format first author: with or without initials
%
#1 'nameptr :=
cite.initials #1 =
{ field nameptr format.cite.initials.name }
{ field nameptr cite.name.format format.name$ }
if$
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
%
numnames #1 =
'skip$
{ format.num.names #1 =
{ %
% First author et al.
%
et.al.string.cite write$
}
{ numnames #2 =
{ %
% Given that format.num.names > 1, it is 2.
% Format second author.
%
#2 'nameptr :=
field nameptr cite.name.format format.name$ 's :=
%
% Check if 2nd author is explicit "others".
% If so, insert "et al." string.
%
s "others" =
{ et.al.string.cite write$ } % First et al.
{ %
% First \& Second
%
and.before.last write$
s
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
}
if$
}
{ %
% 3 or more names, 2 or more must be cited
%
% for nameptr := 2 to format.num.names - 1 do
%
#2 'nameptr :=
{ nameptr format.num.names < }
{ %
% Put comma between consecutive authors
%
comma.between.names write$
%
% Format and add next author
%
field nameptr cite.name.format format.name$
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
%
% Move to next author
%
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
while$
%
% nameptr = format.num.names
% Format this author.
%
field nameptr cite.name.format format.name$ 's :=
%
format.num.names numnames =
{ %
% This is also the last author. Add (optional) comma.
%
comma.before.last write$
%
% Check if this author is explicit "others".
% If so, insert "et al." string.
%
s "others" =
{ et.al.string.cite write$ }
{ and.before.last write$
s
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
}
if$
}
{ %
% This is not the last author.
% Add comma, author name, and "et al."
%
comma.between.names write$
s
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
%
comma.before.last et.al.string.cite * write$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.title.cite.label}
{ %
% Formatting: check if formatted as article title or
% as book title, and insert this formatting.
%
is.atype
{ "\APACciteatitle {" }
{ "\APACcitebtitle {" }
if$
%
title empty$
{ text empty$
{ type empty$
{ howpublished empty$
{ note empty$
{ url empty$
{ cite$ }
{ url }
if$
}
{ note }
if$
}
{ howpublished }
if$
}
{ type }
if$
}
{ text }
if$
}
{ title }
if$
%
% Connect with formatting.
%
* "}" *
%
% Write to output
%
write$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.author.editor.cite.label}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ %
% No author or editor:
% Use title or other description as citation label.
%
make.title.cite.label
"}{%" write$ newline$
make.title.cite.label
}
{ cite.num.names.full editor make.name.cite.label
"}{%" write$ newline$
cite.num.names.short editor make.name.cite.label
}
if$
}
{ cite.num.names.full author make.name.cite.label
"}{%" write$ newline$
cite.num.names.short author make.name.cite.label
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.author.cite.label}
{ author empty$
{ %
% No author:
% Use title or other description as citation label.
%
make.title.cite.label
"}{%" write$ newline$
make.title.cite.label
}
{ cite.num.names.full author make.name.cite.label
"}{%" write$ newline$
cite.num.names.short author make.name.cite.label
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.definitive.year.supplement}
{ %
% Add "a", "b", etc. when necessary.
%
add.to.year #0 =
{ "" }
{ "{\protect "
year empty$
{ "\BCntND " * }
{ year "\bibnodate" =
year "l" change.case$ "no date" = or
year "l" change.case$ "n.d." = or
{ "\BCntND " * }
{ year "\BIP" =
year "l" change.case$ "in press" = or
year "l" change.case$ "forthcoming" = or
{ "\BCntIP " * }
{ "\BCnt " * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
"{" * add.to.year int.to.str$ * "}}" *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {protect.year}
{ year empty$
{ "{\protect \bibnodate {}}" }
{ year "\bibnodate" =
year "l" change.case$ "no date" = or
year "l" change.case$ "n.d." = or
{ "{\protect \bibnodate {}}" }
{ year "\BIP" =
year "l" change.case$ "in press" = or
year "l" change.case$ "forthcoming" = or
{ "{\protect \BIP {}}" }
{ year }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.definitive.year.label}
{ "{\protect \APACyear {"
originalyear empty$
{ protect.year }
{ originalyear "\bibnodate" = % date of original publication unknown
originalyear "l" change.case$ "no date" = or
originalyear "l" change.case$ "n.d." = or
{ translator empty$
{ protect.year }
{ "{\protect \BTRANSL {}}~" protect.year * }
if$
}
{ year empty$
{ originalyear "/{\protect \bibnodate {}}" * } % 1923/n.d.
{ originalyear year =
{ protect.year }
{ originalyear "/" * protect.year * } % 1923/1961
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
* "}}%" * write$ newline$
%
% Add "a", "b", etc. when necessary.
%
"{\protect \APACexlab {" "}}"
make.definitive.year.supplement enclose.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {make.cite.labels}
{ newline$
%
% Write a few lines for testing purposes.
%
test
{ "\bibitem [] {} \fullciteA {" cite$ * "}" * write$ newline$
"\bibitem [] {} \citeA {" cite$ * "}" * write$ newline$
}
'skip$
if$
%
"\bibitem [\protect \citeauthoryear {%" write$ newline$
%
% When key or firstkey is available, this takes precedence.
%
firstkey empty$ not
{ %
% Full cite: firstkey.
%
firstkey write$
"}{%" write$ newline$
%
% Short cite: if key is not empty and cite.initials is 0,
% then key, else firstkey.
%
cite.initials #0 =
key empty$ not
and
{ key }
{ firstkey }
if$
write$
}
{ key empty$ not
{ %
% No firstkey, but key available:
% Both full and short labels are key.
%
key write$
"}{%" write$ newline$
key write$
}
{ % No key or firstkey, so find out which field
% to use as author.
%
% Check reference type:
% if result is 1 then possibly editor acts as author
% 2 then editor does not act as author
% 3 then key should have been used
% 0 then unknown reference type
ref.type #2 =
{ make.author.cite.label }
{ make.author.editor.cite.label }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
"}{%" write$ newline$
%
% Make year label that's used for citations
%
make.definitive.year.label write$
"}]{%" write$ newline$
cite$ write$
"} " write$ newline$
% author.year.sort.label write$ newline$ % for testing purposes
% year.label write$ newline$ % for testing purposes
%
% If the item is used in a meta-analysis, indicate this with
% a star.
%
"\APACinsertmetastar {%" write$ newline$
cite$ write$
"}%" write$ newline$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {editor.postfix}
{ editor num.names$ #1 >
{ "(\BEDS)" }
{ "(\BED)" }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {editor.trans.postfix}
{ editor num.names$ #1 >
{ "(\BEDS{} \BAnd{} \BTRANSS)" }
{ "(\BED{} \BAnd{} \BTRANS)" }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% "(Trans.)" postfix
% translator must not be empty
%
FUNCTION {trans.postfix}
{ translator num.names$ #1 >
{ "(\BTRANSS)" }
{ "(\BTRANS)" }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {authors.editors.reflist.apa5}
{ 'field :=
'dot :=
%
field num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames is the total number of names
% contained in field
numnames 'format.num.names := % Format all authors
format.num.names name.max > % Unless this exceeds the maximum of 6.
{ dot
{ name.max 'format.num.names := } % Format 6 authors
{ cite.num.names.full 'format.num.names := } % Format 1 editor
if$
}
'skip$
if$
%
% Enclose authors in APACrefauthors environment to allow crude style
% options in \LaTeX.
"\begin{APACrefauthors}%"
write$ newline$
%
% It is kind of explicit in the APA manual that if "et al." would
% refer to exactly one author (the 7th), then this author should
% still be replaced by "et al.", unlike with citations.
% So format.num.names is not adapted.
%
% Format first author
%
#1 'nameptr :=
field nameptr format.author.name
%
% Add period if required and if this is the only author.
%
numnames #1 =
dot
and
{ add.period$ }
'skip$
if$
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
%
numnames #1 =
'skip$
{ format.num.names #1 =
{ %
% First author et al.
%
comma.between.two
%
% Add period if required.
%
dot
{ et.al.string.period * }
{ et.al.string * }
if$
write$
}
{ numnames #2 =
{ %
% Given that format.num.names > 1, it is 2.
%
comma.between.two write$
%
% Format second author.
%
#2 'nameptr :=
field nameptr format.author.name 's :=
%
% Check if 2nd author is explicit "others".
% If so, insert "et al." string.
%
s "others" =
{ %
% First et al.
% Add period if required.
%
dot
{ et.al.string.period }
{ et.al.string }
if$
write$
}
{ %
% First \& Second
%
and.before.last write$
%
% Add period if required.
%
dot
{ s add.period$ }
{ s }
if$
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
}
if$
}
{ %
% 3 or more names, 2 or more must be cited
%
% for nameptr := 2 to format.num.names - 1 do
%
#2 'nameptr :=
{ nameptr format.num.names < }
{ %
% Put comma between consecutive authors
%
comma.between.names write$
%
% Format and add next author
%
field nameptr format.author.name
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
%
% Move to next author
%
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
while$
%
% nameptr = format.num.names
% Format this author.
%
field nameptr format.author.name 's :=
%
format.num.names numnames =
{ %
% This is also the last author. Add (optional) comma.
%
comma.before.last write$
%
% Check if this author is explicit "others".
% If so, insert "et al." string.
%
s "others" =
{ %
% Add period if required.
%
dot
{ et.al.string.period }
{ et.al.string }
if$
write$
}
{ and.before.last write$
%
% Add period if required.
%
dot
{ s add.period$ }
{ s }
if$
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
}
if$
}
{ %
% This is not the last author.
% Add comma, author name, and "et al."
%
comma.between.names write$
s
add.name.index % Add index entry when desired.
%
comma.before.last
%
% Add period if required.
%
dot
{ et.al.string.period * }
{ et.al.string * }
if$
write$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
%
% End APACrefauthors environment.
"\end{APACrefauthors}%"
write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {authors.reflist.apa6}
{ 'field :=
'dot :=
field num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames #7 >
{ #7 'format.num.names := }
{ numnames 'format.num.names := }
if$
"\begin{APACrefauthors}%"
write$ newline$
#1 'nameptr :=
field nameptr format.author.name
numnames #1 =
{ dot
{ %add.period$
}
'skip$
if$
add.name.index
}
{ add.name.index
numnames #2 =
{ comma.between.two write$
#2 'nameptr :=
field nameptr format.author.name 's :=
s "others" =
{ "`others' not consistent with 6th ed. of the APA Manual"
warning$
dot
{ et.al.string.period }
{ et.al.string }
if$
write$ newline$
}
{ and.before.last write$
dot
{ s add.period$ }
{ s }
if$
add.name.index
}
if$
}
{ %% for nameptr := 2 to format.num.names - 1 do
#2 'nameptr :=
{ nameptr format.num.names < }
{ comma.between.names write$
field nameptr format.author.name
add.name.index
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
while$
field numnames format.author.name 's :=
format.num.names numnames =
{ comma.before.last write$
s "others" =
{ "`others' not consistent with 6th ed. of the APA "
"Manual" *
warning$
dot
{ et.al.string.period }
{ et.al.string }
if$
write$
}
{ no.and.before.last write$
dot
{ s add.period$ }
{ s }
if$
add.name.index
}
if$
}
{ dots.before.last write$
s
add.name.index
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
"\end{APACrefauthors}%"
write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {format.author.names}
{ 'field :=
'dot :=
dot
{ dot field authors.reflist.apa6 }
{ dot field authors.editors.reflist.apa5 }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ #1 author format.author.names }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.editors.as.authors}
{ #0 editor format.author.names
"\ " editor.postfix * add.period$ write$ newline$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.ed.trans.as.authors}
{ #0 editor format.author.names
"\ " editor.trans.postfix * add.period$ write$ newline$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.editor.names}
{ 'field :=
%
field num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames is the total number of names
% contained in field
numnames 'format.num.names := % Format all authors
format.num.names name.max > % Unless this exceeds the maximum of 6.
{ #1 'format.num.names := } % Then it becomes 1 (First et al.)
'skip$
if$
%
% Format first editor
%
field #1 format.editor.name
%
numnames #1 =
'skip$
{ format.num.names #1 =
{ et.al.string * } % First editor et al., no comma.
{ numnames #2 =
{ %
% Given that format.num.names > 1, it is 2.
% No comma. Format second editor.
%
field #2 format.editor.name 's :=
%
% Check if 2nd editor is explicit "others".
% If so, insert "et al." string.
%
s "others" =
{ et.al.string * } % First et al.
{ and.before.last * s * } % First \& Second
if$
}
{ %
% 3 or more names, 2 or more must be cited
%
% for nameptr := 2 to format.num.names - 1 do
%
#2 'nameptr :=
{ nameptr format.num.names < }
{ %
% Put comma between consecutive editors
%
comma.between.names *
%
% Format and add next editor
%
field nameptr format.editor.name *
%
% Move to next editor
%
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
}
while$
%
% nameptr = format.num.names
% Format this editor.
%
field nameptr format.editor.name 's :=
%
format.num.names numnames =
{ %
% This is also the last editor. Add (optional) comma.
%
comma.before.last *
%
% Check if this editor is explicit "others".
% If so, insert "et al." string.
%
s "others" =
{ et.al.string * }
{ and.before.last * s * }
if$
}
{ %
% This is not the last editor.
% Add comma, editor name, and "et al."
%
comma.between.names * s *
comma.before.last * et.al.string *
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format editors in case editors do not act as authors
% (such as reference to chapter in edited book)
%
% L. W. Poon (Ed.) (1 editor)
% or
% A. S. Gurman \& D. P. Kniskern (Eds.) (2 editors)
% or
% L. Poon, A. Jones, \& D. P. Smith (Eds.) (>2 editors)
%
% editor must not be empty
%
FUNCTION {format.editors.in.line}
{ editor format.editor.names
editor.postfix connect.with.space.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format editors in case editors are also translators
% and do not act as authors
% (such as reference to chapter in edited book
% of translated articles)
%
% L. W. Poon (Ed. and Trans.) (1 editor)
% or
% A. S. Gurman \& D. P. Kniskern (Eds. and Trans.) (2 editors)
% or
% L. Poon, A. Jones, \& D. P. Smith (Eds. and Trans.) (>2 editors)
%
% editor must not be empty
%
FUNCTION {format.editors.trans.in.line}
{ editor format.editor.names
editor.trans.postfix connect.with.space.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format translators in case translators act as editors
% (such as reference to chapter in translated book)
%
% L. W. Poon (Trans.) (1 translator)
% or
% A. S. Gurman \& D. P. Kniskern (Trans.) (2 translators)
% or
% L. Poon, A. Jones, \& D. P. Smith (Trans.) (>2 translators)
%
% translator must not be empty
%
FUNCTION {format.translators.in.line}
{ translator format.editor.names
trans.postfix connect.with.space.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format translators in case translator does not act as editor
% (such as reference to translated book)
%
% L. Solotaroff, Trans.
%
FUNCTION {format.translators.in.paren.check}
{ translator empty$
{ "" }
{ translator format.editor.names
translator num.names$ #1 >
{ ", \BTRANSS{}" * }
{ ", \BTRANS{}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format editors and translators in case neither act as editor
% (such as reference to edited or translated book with a
% a single author)
%
% L. Solotaroff, Ed.
% L. Solotaroff, Ed. \& Trans.
% L. Solotaroff, Trans.
% L. Solotaroff, Ed. \& S. Prokofieff, Trans.
%
FUNCTION {format.editors.translators.in.paren.check}
{ editor empty$
{ translator empty$
{ "" }
{ translator format.editor.names
translator num.names$ #1 >
{ ", \BTRANSS{}" * }
{ ", \BTRANS{}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ editor format.editor.names
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ ", \BEDS{}" * }
{ ", \BED{}" * }
if$
translator empty$
'skip$
{ editor translator =
{ editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " \BAnd{} \BTRANSS" * }
{ " \BAnd{} \BTRANS" * }
if$
}
{ " \BAnd{} " *
translator format.editor.names *
translator num.names$ #1 >
{ ", \BTRANSS{}" * }
{ ", \BTRANS{}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% translator of article
%
FUNCTION {format.atrans.check}
{ format.translators.in.paren.check parenthesize.check }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format "In editor (Ed.), "
%
FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
{ "\BIn{} "
editor empty$
'skip$
{ format.editors.in.line * ", " * }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format "In translator (Trans.),"
%
FUNCTION {format.in.trans}
{ "\BIn{} "
translator empty$
'skip$
{ format.translators.in.line * ", " * }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format "In editor (Ed. and Trans.)"
% or "In editor (Ed.)" if editor not equal to translator
%
FUNCTION {format.in.editors.trans}
%{ "\BIn{} " Commented by SPI
{ " "
editor empty$
{ translator empty$
'skip$
{ format.translators.in.line * ", " * }
if$
}
{ translator empty$
{ format.editors.in.line * }
{ editor translator =
{ format.editors.trans.in.line * }
{ format.editors.in.line * }
if$
}
if$
", " *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {in.format.in.editors.trans}
{ "\BIn{} "
editor empty$
{ translator empty$
'skip$
{ format.translators.in.line * ", " * }
if$
}
{ translator empty$
{ format.editors.in.line * }
{ editor translator =
{ format.editors.trans.in.line * }
{ format.editors.in.line * }
if$
}
if$
", " *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.year.check}
{ "\APACrefYear{"
protect.year *
%
% Add "a", "b", etc. when necessary.
%
make.definitive.year.supplement *
"}" *
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
FUNCTION {format.year.month.day.check}
{ "\APACrefYearMonthDay{"
protect.year *
%
% Add "a", "b", etc. when necessary.
%
make.definitive.year.supplement *
"}{" *
%
% Add month and day when present.
%
month empty$
'skip$
{ month * }
if$
"}{" *
day empty$
'skip$
{ day * }
if$
"}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.year.nomonth.day.check}
{ "\APACrefYearMonthDay{"
protect.year *
%
% Add "a", "b", etc. when necessary.
%
make.definitive.year.supplement *
"}{" *
%
% Add month and day when present.
%
month empty$
'skip$
{ }
if$
"}{" *
day empty$
'skip$
{ day * }
if$
"}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.atitle.no.dot}
{ "{\BBOQ}" swap$
"{\BBCQ}" swap$
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$
% Two arguments: Title twice: (1) don't change case; (2) change case
"\APACrefatitle {" swap$ * "} {" * swap$
"t" change.case$
* "}" *
}
if$
enclose.check
}
FUNCTION {format.atitle.dot}
{ "{\BBOQ}" swap$
"{\BBCQ}" swap$
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$
% Two arguments: Title twice: (1) don't change case; (2) change case
"\APACrefatitle {" swap$ * "} {" * swap$
"t" change.case$
* "}" * add.period$
}
if$
enclose.check
}
FUNCTION {format.atitle.connect}
{ swap$
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
format.atitle.dot
}
{ swap$
format.atitle.no.dot
swap$ connect.with.space.check
add.period$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle.no.dot}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
""
}
{ duplicate$
% Two arguments: Title twice: (1) don't change case; (2) change case
"\APACrefbtitle {" swap$ * "} {" * swap$
"t" change.case$
* "}" *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle.dot}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
""
}
{ add.period$ format.btitle.no.dot }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title of book and similar
% field must be on top of stack
% second element on stack must be connected:
% if that is empty, then btitle.dot
% else btitle.no.dot, connect, and add period
%
FUNCTION {format.btitle.connect}
{ swap$
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
format.btitle.dot
}
{ swap$
format.btitle.no.dot
swap$ connect.with.space.check
add.period$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title of book and similar
% field must be on top of stack
% second element on stack must be connected
%
FUNCTION {format.btitle.connect.no.dot}
{ swap$
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$
format.btitle.no.dot
}
{ swap$
format.btitle.no.dot
swap$ connect.with.space.check
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format englishtitle (of nonenglish article, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.aetitle.check}
{ englishtitle empty$
{ "" }
{ % Two arguments: Title twice: (1) don't change case; (2) change case
"\APACrefaetitle {" englishtitle * "} {" *
englishtitle "t" change.case$ * "}" *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format englishtitle (of nonenglish book, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.betitle.check}
{ englishtitle empty$
{ "" }
{ % Two arguments: Title twice: (1) don't change case; (2) change case
"\APACrefbetitle {" englishtitle * "} {" *
englishtitle "t" change.case$ * "}" *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format type (of article, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.atype.check}
{ type bracket.check }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format title and englishtitle (of article, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.atitle.check}
{ format.aetitle.check
title format.atitle.connect
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format title, englishtitle, and type
% (of article, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.atitle.type.check}
{ format.aetitle.check
format.atype.check connect.with.space.check
title format.atitle.connect
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format title, englishtitle,
% and translator (of article, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.atitle.trans.check}
{ format.aetitle.check
format.atrans.check connect.with.space.check
title format.atitle.connect
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format title, englishtitle, type,
% and translator (of article, etc.)
%
FUNCTION {format.atitle.type.trans.check}
{ format.aetitle.check
format.atype.check connect.with.space.check
format.atrans.check connect.with.space.check
title format.atitle.connect
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format journal, volume, number and pages
% call with
% formatted.pages format.journal.vol.num.pages.check
%
FUNCTION { format.journal.vol.num.pages.check }
{ "journal" journal warning.if.empty
duplicate$ empty$
journal empty$ and
volume empty$ and
number empty$ and
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\APACjournalVolNumPages{" journal "" connect.check
"}{" * volume "" connect.check
"}{" * number "" connect.check
"}{" * swap$ "" connect.check
"}" *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% volume of book, checks whether
% "Volume" or "Volumes"
%
% call with
% field format.bvolume.check
%
FUNCTION {format.bvolume.check}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ multi.result.check
{ "\BVOLS" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
{ "\BVOL" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% edition of book, must not be empty
% call with
% field format.edition.check
%
FUNCTION {format.edition.check}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ "\PrintOrdinal{" swap$ * "}" *
"\BEd" connect.with.space.check
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% volume and edition of book
%
FUNCTION {format.bvol.edition.check}
{ edition format.edition.check
volume format.bvolume.check
connect.with.comma.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% volume and edition of book
%
FUNCTION {format.bvol.edition}
{ format.bvol.edition.check
parenthesize.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% volume and edition and translator of translated book
%
FUNCTION {format.bvol.edition.trans}
{ format.bvol.edition.check
format.translators.in.paren.check connect.with.semicolon.check
parenthesize.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% volume, edition, editor, and translator of (translated) book
%
FUNCTION {format.bvol.edition.editor.trans}
{ format.bvol.edition.check
format.editors.translators.in.paren.check connect.with.semicolon.check
parenthesize.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% formats pages by first checking if 1 or more pages
% and prefixing pages with "p." or "pp." (these strings
% are given in the commands \BPG and \BPGS, respectively),
% whichever is applicable, and do a tie or space connect
%
% call with
% field format.bpages.check
%
FUNCTION {format.bpages.check}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ multi.result.check
{ "\BPGS" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
{ "\BPG~" swap$ * }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% formats chapters by first checking if 1 or more chapters
% and prefixing pages with "chap." (this string
% is given in the commands \BCHAP and \BCHAPS, respectively),
% whichever is applicable, and do a tie or space connect
%
% call with
% field format.bchapter.check
%
FUNCTION {format.bchapter.check}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ multi.result.check
{ "\BCHAPS" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
{ "\BCHAP" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% volume, edition, and pages or chapter of article in book etc.
%
FUNCTION {format.bvol.edition.pages}
{ format.bvol.edition.check
pages empty$
{ chapter format.bchapter.check connect.with.comma.check }
{ pages format.bpages.check connect.with.comma.check }
if$
parenthesize.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title, volume, edition of book
%
FUNCTION {format.btitle.vol.edition}
{ format.betitle.check
format.bvol.edition connect.with.space.check
title format.btitle.connect.no.dot
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title, volume, edition, and translator of book
%
FUNCTION {format.btitle.vol.edition.trans}
{ format.betitle.check
format.bvol.edition.trans connect.with.space.check
title format.btitle.connect.no.dot
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title, volume, edition, editor, and translator of book
%
FUNCTION {format.btitle.vol.edition.editor.trans}
{ format.betitle.check
format.bvol.edition.editor.trans connect.with.space.check
title format.btitle.connect.no.dot
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format address and publisher of book etc.
%
% New York: Wiley
% or
% Wiley (if address empty)
% or
% New York (if publisher empty)
%
FUNCTION {format.address.publisher}
{ %
% If publisher = author or publisher = "author" or publisher = "Author"
% then hand over the final choice how to format this to \LaTeX.
% (I could imagine similar code for editors, but the APA manual does
% not mention it and then we'd have to check whether the editor is in
% the author position, so let's keep it simple until someone complains.)
%
author empty$
publisher empty$ or
{ publisher "\APACaddressPublisher{" }
{ author publisher =
"author" publisher = or
"Author" publisher = or
{ author "\APACaddressPublisherEqAuth{" }
{ publisher "\APACaddressPublisher{" }
if$
}
if$
address "" connect.check "}{" *
% Recover publisher that was pushed onto the stack previously.
swap$ "" connect.check "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.check}
{ publisher empty$
address empty$
and
'skip$
{
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.address.publisher
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format number as in reports: No. 2017
% call with
% field format.rnumber.check
%
FUNCTION {format.rnumber.check}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ duplicate$ multi.result.check
{ "\BNUMS" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
{ "\BNUM" swap$ tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format type and number of a standalone item
% call with
% format.type.number
%
FUNCTION { format.type.number }
{ type empty$
{ type.2 }
{ type }
if$
number empty$
{ bracket.check }
{ number format.rnumber.check connect.with.space.check
parenthesize.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
{ howpublished empty$
'skip$
{ % clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
{ output.dot.new.block }
if$
"\APAChowpublished {" howpublished * "}" *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {output.howpublished}
{ howpublished empty$
'skip$
{ "\APAChowpublished {" howpublished * "}" *
output.dot.new.block
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {howpublished.block}
{ howpublished empty$
'skip$
{ start.new.block
"\APAChowpublished {" howpublished * "}" *
output.dot.end.block
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {begin.end.url.env}
{ "\begin{APACrefURL} "
lastchecked empty$
{ urldate empty$
'skip$
{ "[{" * urldate * "}]" * }
if$
}
{ "[{" * lastchecked * "}]" * }
if$
" \end{APACrefURL} "
}
FUNCTION {begin.end.doi.env}
{ "\begin{APACrefDOI} "
" \end{APACrefDOI} "
}
FUNCTION {begin.end.msg.env}
{ "\begin{APACrefURLmsg} "
" \end{APACrefURLmsg} "
}
FUNCTION {format.url}
{ type.2 empty$
{ begin.end.url.env }
{ type.2 "\bibmessage" =
{ begin.end.msg.env }
{ begin.end.url.env }
if$
}
if$
%%"\url{" url * "}" *
"{" url * "}" *
enclose.check
}
FUNCTION {url.block}
{ doi empty$
{ url empty$
'skip$
{ start.new.block
format.url
output.end.block
}
if$
}
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ begin.end.doi.env
"\doi{" doi * "}" *
enclose.check
}
FUNCTION {doi.block}
{ doi empty$
'skip$
{ start.new.block
format.doi
output.end.block
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{ "\APACrefnote{" "}" note enclose.check }
FUNCTION {note.block}
{ note empty$
'skip$
{ start.new.block
format.note
output.end.block
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format original year of publication and note
% (reprint or translation)
%
FUNCTION {format.orig.year.note}
{ originalyear empty$
{ format.note }
{ "\APACorigyearnote{"
originalyear "" connect.check "}{" *
note "" connect.check "}" *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format original journal of publication and note
% (reprint or translation)
%
FUNCTION {format.orig.journal.note}
{ "\APACorigjournalnote{"
originalyear "" connect.check "}{" *
originaljournal "" connect.check "}{" *
originalvolume "" connect.check "}{" *
originalnumber "" connect.check "}{" *
originalpages "" connect.check "}{" *
note "" connect.check "}" *
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format original book of publication and note
% (reprint or translation)
%
FUNCTION {format.orig.book.note}
{ "\APACorigbooknote{" originalyear "" connect.check "}{" *
%
originaleditor empty$
'skip$
{ originaleditor num.names$ #1 >
{ "\APACorigEDS {" * originaleditor format.editor.names * "}" * }
{ "\APACorigED {" * originaleditor format.editor.names * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
%
"}{" *
originalbooktitle format.btitle.no.dot "" connect.check "} {" *
originaledition format.edition.check "" connect.check "} {" *
originalvolume format.bvolume.check "" connect.check "} {" *
originalpages format.bpages.check "" connect.check "} {" *
originaladdress "" connect.check "} {" *
originalpublisher "" connect.check "} {" *
note "" connect.check "}" *
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format information about original publication of reprint
% and format optional note
%
FUNCTION {format.orig.note}
{ originaljournal empty$
{ originalbooktitle empty$
{ note empty$
{ originalyear empty$
'skip$
{ originalyear "\bibnodate" =
originalyear "l" change.case$ "no date" = or
originalyear "l" change.case$ "n.d." = or
'skip$
{ output.new.block
format.orig.year.note
}
if$
}
if$
}
{ output.new.block
format.orig.year.note
}
if$
}
{ output.new.block
format.orig.book.note
}
if$
}
{ output.new.block
format.orig.journal.note
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ doi empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block
format.doi
}
if$
output.end.block
"\PrintBackRefs{\CurrentBib}" write$ newline$
test
{ "\vspace{\baselineskip}" write$ newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry.2}
{ doi.block
"\PrintBackRefs{\CurrentBib}" write$ newline$
test
{ "\vspace{\baselineskip}" write$ newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.archive}
{
archivePrefix empty$
{ "" }
{ archivePrefix ":" *}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.primaryClass}
{
primaryClass empty$
{ "" }
{ " {[" primaryClass * "]}" *}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.eprint}
{ eprint empty$
{ ""}
{ archive empty$
{"{\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/" eprint * "}" *
"{{" * format.archive * eprint * "}}}" *}
{"{\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/" eprint * "}" *
"{{" * format.archive * eprint * "}}}" *}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.softmisc.archive}
{
archivePrefix empty$
{ "" }
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.softmisc.eprint}
{ eprint empty$
{ ""}
{ archive empty$
{"{\href{https://ascl.net/" format.softmisc.archive * eprint * "}" *
"{{" * format.archive * eprint * "}}}" *}
{"{\href{https://ascl.net/" format.softmisc.archive * eprint * "}" *
"{{" * format.archive * eprint * "}}}" *}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {periodical}
{
author empty$
%
% no author: possibly special issue with editors as authors
% (APA manual, ex. 11, p. 121)
%
{ editor empty$
%
% no author or editor: title serves as author.
% title formatted as article title (APA manual not consistent in this,
% compare statement on p. 119: ``treat as book title'' and
% example 8, p. 121: no underlining => article title)
%
{ format.atitle.type.trans.check output.new.block
%
% now formatted date on top of stack
%
output.dot.new.block
}
%
% format editor and year, and check if year is present
% format article title and check if title or type present
%
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
%
% now formatted date on top of stack
%
output.dot.new.block
format.atitle.type.trans.check output.new.block
}
if$
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format article title and check if title or type present
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
%
% now formatted date on top of stack
%
output.dot.new.block
format.atitle.type.trans.check output.new.block
}
if$
%
% format journal name, volume and issue number, and pages
% and check if journal not empty
%
format.journal.vol.num.pages.check
%
% if not empty, insert howpublished.
% (used if article is retrieved from the internet)
%
format.howpublished add.period$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% possible reprint and optional note
%
format.orig.note
output.new.block
format.eprint
output.new.block
format.primaryClass
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% journal article
%
FUNCTION {article}
{ pages format.year.month.day.check periodical }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% magazine article
%
FUNCTION {magazine}
{ pages format.year.month.day.check periodical }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% newspaper article
%
FUNCTION {newspaper}
{ pages format.bpages.check format.year.month.day.check periodical }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% (translation of) entire book
%
FUNCTION {book}
{ %
% author or editor,
% year, title, englishtitle, translator
%
author empty$
%
% no author: possibly edited book with editors as authors
%
{ editor empty$
%
% no author or editor: title serves as author.
% title formatted as book title
%
{ format.btitle.vol.edition.trans
format.type.number connect.with.space.check
output.dot.new.block
format.year.check add.period$
}
%
% format editor and year, and check if year is present
% format booktitle, volume, and edition and check if title present
%
{ translator empty$
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.check output.dot.new.block
format.btitle.vol.edition
}
%
% format translator correctly
%
{ translator editor =
not
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.check output.dot.new.block
format.btitle.vol.edition.trans
}
{ format.ed.trans.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.check output.dot.new.block
format.btitle.vol.edition
}
if$
}
if$
format.type.number connect.with.space.check
add.period$
}
if$
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format booktitle, volume, and edition and check if title present
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.check output.dot.new.block
format.btitle.vol.edition.editor.trans
format.type.number connect.with.space.check
add.period$
}
if$
%
% format address and publisher
%
format.address.publisher.check
%
% if not empty, insert howpublished.
% (used if book is retrieved from the internet)
%
format.howpublished add.period$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format original publication (of reprint/translation)
% and optional note
%
format.orig.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ author empty$
{ editor.ne.trans
{ format.atitle.type.trans.check }
{ format.atitle.type.check }
if$
output.new.block
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
}
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
editor.ne.trans
{ format.atitle.type.trans.check }
{ format.atitle.type.check }
if$
}
if$
editor empty$
translator empty$ and
edition empty$ and
volume empty$ and
pages empty$ and
chapter empty$ and
booktitle empty$ and
'skip$
{
output.new.block
format.in.editors.trans
format.bvol.edition.pages
booktitle format.btitle.connect * add.period$
}
if$
format.address.publisher.check
format.howpublished add.period$
url empty$
'skip$
{
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
format.orig.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inbookcollection}
{ author empty$
{ editor.ne.trans
{ format.atitle.type.trans.check }
{ format.atitle.type.check }
if$
output.new.block
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
}
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
editor.ne.trans
{ format.atitle.type.trans.check }
{ format.atitle.type.check }
if$
}
if$
editor empty$
translator empty$ and
edition empty$ and
volume empty$ and
pages empty$ and
chapter empty$ and
booktitle empty$ and
'skip$
{
output.new.block
in.format.in.editors.trans
format.bvol.edition.pages
booktitle format.btitle.connect * add.period$
}
if$
format.address.publisher.check
format.howpublished add.period$
url empty$
'skip$
{
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
format.orig.note
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% technical report number
%
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ "\BTR{}" }
{ type "\bibnotype" =
{ "" }
{ type }
if$
}
if$
number format.rnumber.check connect.with.space.check
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title, volume, edition, report number
%
FUNCTION {format.tr.title.number}
{ format.betitle.check
% Single out the situation in which there is no number
% and type = {\bibnotype}, i.e., no type as well.
% (Why not use book then?)
type empty$
{ % Now, we're in the regular situation with at least a
% number, a type, a volume, or an edition.
"\APACbVolEdTR{" format.bvol.edition.check * "}{" *
format.tr.number * "}" *
}
{ type "\bibnotype" =
number empty$
volume empty$
edition empty$
and
and
and
{ "" }
{ % Now, we're in the regular situation with at least a
% number, a type, a volume, or an edition.
"\APACbVolEdTR {" format.bvol.edition.check * "}{" *
format.tr.number * "}" *
}
if$
}
if$
connect.with.space.check
title format.btitle.connect
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% format address and institution of reports etc.
%
% Washington, DC: National Institute of Education
% or
% National Institute of Education (if address empty)
%
% warning if no institution
%
FUNCTION {format.address.institution.check}
{ url empty$
doi empty$ and
{ "institution" institution warning.if.empty
"address" address warning.if.empty
}
'skip$
if$
institution empty$
address empty$
and
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
%
% If institution = author or institution = "author"
% or institution = "Author" then hand over the final choice how to
% format this to \LaTeX. See also format.address.publisher
%
author empty$
institution empty$ or
{ institution "\APACaddressInstitution{" }
{ author institution =
"author" institution = or
"Author" institution = or
{ author "\APACaddressInstitutionEqAuth{" }
{ institution "\APACaddressInstitution{" }
if$
}
if$
address "" connect.check "}{" *
% Recover institution that was pushed onto the stack previously.
swap$ "" connect.check "}" *
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% reports
%
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ author empty$
%
% no author: possibly edited report with editors as authors
%
{ editor empty$
%
% no author or editor: title serves as author.
% title formatted as book title
%
{ format.tr.title.number output.dot.new.block
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
}
%
% format editor and year, and check if year is present
% format report title and check if title present
% format volume, edition, type, and number
%
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
format.tr.title.number add.period$
}
if$
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format report title and check if title present
% format volume, edition, type, and number
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
format.tr.title.number add.period$
}
if$
%
% format address and institution, check if institution present
%
format.address.institution.check
%
% if not empty, insert howpublished.
% (used if report is retrieved from the internet)
%
format.howpublished add.period$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format optional note
%
note empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.note
}
if$
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% (translated) article or chapter in report
%
FUNCTION {intechreport}
{ author empty$
%
% no author: title serves as author.
% title formatted as article title (APA manual not consistent in this,
% compare statement on p. 119: ``treat as book title'' and
% example 8, p. 121: no underlining => article title)
%
{ editor.ne.trans
{ format.atitle.trans.check }
{ format.atitle.check }
if$
output.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format article title and check if title or type present
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
editor.ne.trans
{ format.atitle.trans.check }
{ format.atitle.check }
if$
output.new.block
}
if$
%
% format "In " editor " (Ed. \& Trans.), "
% booktitle, volume, edition, pages
%
format.in.editors.trans
%
% volume, edition, report type and number, pages
%
"\APACbVolEdTRpgs {" format.bvol.edition.check * "} {" *
format.tr.number *
"} {" * pages format.bpages.check *
"}" *
%
booktitle format.btitle.connect *
add.period$
%
% format address and publisher
%
format.address.institution.check
%
% if not empty, insert howpublished.
% (used if report is retrieved from the internet)
%
format.howpublished add.period$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format original publication (of reprint/translation)
% and optional note
%
format.orig.note
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% papers presented at conferences etc.
%
FUNCTION {lecture}
{ author empty$
{ "author" author warning.if.empty }
{ format.authors start.new.block }
if$
%
% format year, month, and day, and check if year present
% format title and check if title present
% format howpublished and check if howpublished present
%
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
symposium empty$
{ format.betitle.check
title format.btitle.connect output.new.block
howpublished empty$
{ "symposium and howpublished missing in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ "\APAChowpublished {" howpublished * "}" * }
if$
address connect.with.comma.check
}
{ format.atitle.type.check output.new.block
"\BIn{} "
chair empty$
'skip$
{ chair format.editor.names
chair num.names$ #1 >
{ "(\BCHAIRS)" }
{ "(\BCHAIR)" }
if$
connect.with.space.check * ", " *
}
if$
symposium format.btitle.no.dot *
format.howpublished
address connect.with.comma.check
}
if$
add.period$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format optional note
%
note empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.note
}
if$
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {format.ttitle.type.school}
{ doi empty$ not
url empty$ not or
howpublished empty$ not or
{ pop$ }
{ swap$ pop$ }
if$
type empty$
'skip$
{ type "\bibnotype" =
{ pop$
""
}
{ pop$
type
}
if$
}
if$
duplicate$ empty$
doi empty$
url empty$ and
howpublished empty$ and
address empty$
school empty$ and or and
{ 'pop$
title empty$ not
englishtitle empty$ not or
{ start.new.block }
'skip$
if$
""
}
{ start.new.block
"\APACtypeAddressSchool {" swap$ * "}{" *
doi empty$
url empty$ and
howpublished empty$ and
{ "}{}" * }
{ address "" connect.check "}{" *
school "" connect.check "}" *
}
if$
}
if$
format.betitle.check swap$
connect.with.space.check
"title" title warning.if.empty
title format.btitle.connect
}
FUNCTION {unpub.address.school.block}
{ doi empty$
url empty$ and
howpublished empty$ and
{ "school" school warning.if.empty
school empty$
address empty$ and
'skip$
{ start.new.block
"\APACaddressSchool {" address "" connect.check "}{" *
school "" connect.check "}" *
output.dot.end.block
}
if$
}
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {thesis}
{ journal empty$ not
{ pop$ pop$
article
}
{ author empty$
{ "author" author warning.if.empty }
{ format.authors start.new.block }
if$
format.year.check output.dot.end.block
format.ttitle.type.school output.dot.end.block
unpub.address.school.block
howpublished.block
url.block
note.block
fin.entry.2
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ "\BPhD" "\BUPhD" thesis }
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ "\BMTh" "\BUMTh" thesis }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title of something (used in unpublished and misc)
% english translation of title
% type and number of something
%
FUNCTION {format.btitle.type.num}
{ format.betitle.check
format.bvol.edition connect.with.space.check
format.type.number
connect.with.space.check
title empty$
{ add.period$ }
{ title format.btitle.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION {format.version}
{
version empty$
{ "" }
{ " " * version *}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title of message or software-related thing (used in misc)
% english translation of title
% type and number of something
%
FUNCTION {format.mtitle.type.num}
{ format.aetitle.check
format.bvol.edition connect.with.space.check
type.2 "\bibmessage" =
{ number empty$
'skip$
{ type.2 number tie.or.space.connect
bracket.check
connect.with.space.check
}
if$
}
{ format.type.number
connect.with.space.check
}
if$
title empty$
{ add.period$ }
{ title format.atitle.connect }
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% title, english translation of title,
% type and number of something (used in misc)
%
FUNCTION {output.misctitle.type.num}
{ type.2 empty$
{ format.btitle.type.num }
{ type.2 "\bibmessage" =
type.2 "\bibcomputerprogram" = or
type.2 "\bibcomputerprogrammanual" = or
type.2 "\bibcomputerprogramandmanual" = or
type.2 "\bibcomputersoftware" = or
type.2 "\bibcomputersoftwaremanual" = or
type.2 "\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual" = or
type.2 "\bibprogramminglanguage" = or
{ format.mtitle.type.num }
{ format.btitle.type.num }
if$
}
if$
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% unpublished manuscripts, etc.
%
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ check.relevant.fields
author empty$
%
% no author: possibly edited book with editors as authors
%
{ editor empty$
%
% no author or editor: title serves as author.
% title formatted as book title
%
{ format.btitle.type.num output.new.block
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
}
%
% format editor and year, and check if year is present
% format book title, volume, and edition and check if title present
%
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
format.btitle.type.num
}
if$
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format book title, volume, and edition
% and check if title or type present
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
format.btitle.type.num
}
if$
howpublished empty$
organization empty$ and
address empty$ and
'skip$
{ output.new.block
"\APAChowpublished{" "}" howpublished enclose.check
organization connect.with.comma.check
address connect.with.comma.check
add.period$
}
if$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format optional note
%
note empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.note
}
if$
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% nonprint media and other things that don't fit
%
FUNCTION {misc}
{ %
% To handle @manual: use type.2 instead of type.
type.2 empty$
type empty$ not and
{ type 'type.2 := }
'skip$
if$
%
author empty$
%
% no author: possibly edited item with editors as authors
%
{ editor empty$
%
% no author or editor: title/type serves as author.
% title formatted as book title
%
% if no title and no type, howpublished is title
%
{ title empty$
type.2 empty$ and
{ howpublished empty$
{ "No author, editor, title, type, and howpublished in "
cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ "\APAChowpublished{" howpublished * "}" * add.period$ }
if$
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
}
{ output.misctitle.type.num %output.new.block
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
format.howpublished add.period$
}
if$
}
%
% format editor and year, and check if year is present
% format book title, volume, and edition and check if title present
%
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
output.misctitle.type.num output.dot.new.block
format.howpublished add.period$
}
if$
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format book title, volume, and edition
% and check if title or type present
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
output.misctitle.type.num
format.howpublished add.period$
}
if$
%
address empty$
publisher empty$ and
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.address.publisher add.period$
}
if$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format optional note
%
note empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.note
}
if$
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {softmisc}
{ %
% To handle @manual: use type.2 instead of type.
type.2 empty$
type empty$ not and
{ type 'type.2 := }
'skip$
if$
%
author empty$
%
% no author: possibly edited item with editors as authors
%
{ editor empty$
%
% no author or editor: title/type serves as author.
% title formatted as book title
%
% if no title and no type, howpublished is title
%
{ title empty$
type.2 empty$ and
{ howpublished empty$
{ "No author, editor, title, type, and howpublished in "
cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ "\APAChowpublished{" howpublished * "}" * add.period$ }
if$
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
}
{ output.misctitle.type.num %output.new.block
format.year.month.day.check add.period$
format.howpublished add.period$
}
if$
}
%
% format editor and year, and check if year is present
% format book title, volume, and edition and check if title present
%
{ format.editors.as.authors start.new.block
format.year.month.day.check output.dot.new.block
output.misctitle.type.num output.dot.new.block
format.howpublished add.period$
}
if$
}
%
% format author and year, and check if year is present
% format book title, volume, and edition
% and check if title or type present
%
{ format.authors start.new.block
format.year.nomonth.day.check output.dot.new.block
output.misctitle.type.num
format.version
format.howpublished add.period$
}
if$
%
address empty$
publisher empty$ and
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.address.publisher add.period$
}
if$
%
% format url
%
url empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.url
}
if$
%
% format optional note
%
note empty$
'skip$
{ % Clear the stack
duplicate$ empty$
'skip$
{ output.new.block }
if$
format.note
}
if$
output.dot.new.block
format.softmisc.eprint
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% for legal cases and other cases that need to be
% done by hand
%
FUNCTION {literal}
{ "key" key warning.if.empty
"text" text warning.if.empty
text empty$
{ "" }
{ text }
if$
fin.entry
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% technical documentation
%
FUNCTION {manual}
{ %
% If type is empty, assume that it is a computer software manual.
%
type empty$
{ "\bibcomputersoftwaremanual" 'type.2 := }
'skip$
if$
misc
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% booklet
%
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ misc }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% part of a book
%
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ inbookcollection }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% article in proceedings
%
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ incollection }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% article in proceedings (Kopka & Daly, 2004, p. 230)
%
FUNCTION {conference}
{ inproceedings }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% proceedings
%
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ misc }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% unknown types
%
FUNCTION {default.type}
{ misc }
FUNCTION {initialize}
{
#6 'name.max :=
%% #250 'entry.max$ :=
%% #5000 'global.max$ :=
}
FUNCTION {init.old.number}
{ #0 'old.number := }
FUNCTION {init.old.label}
{ "zzzzzz" 'old.label := }
FUNCTION {init.cite.initials.add.to.year}
{ #0 'cite.initials :=
#0 'add.to.year :=
}
FUNCTION {move.forward}
{ #1 'forward := }
FUNCTION {move.backward}
{ #0 'forward := }
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
"\providecommand{\doi}[1]{\url{https://doi.org/#1}}"
write$ newline$
"\bibcommenthead" write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
FUNCTION {write.bbl.entry}
{
make.cite.labels
call.type$
}
READ
EXECUTE { identify.apacite.version }
EXECUTE { initialize }
EXECUTE { init.old.number }
ITERATE { make.citeorder.number }
ITERATE { make.sort.title }
SORT
EXECUTE { init.old.number }
EXECUTE { init.old.label }
ITERATE { make.title.number }
ITERATE { make.tentative.sort.label }
SORT
ITERATE { init.cite.initials.add.to.year }
EXECUTE { init.initials }
ITERATE { check.add.initials }
EXECUTE { init.initials }
REVERSE { check.add.initials }
ITERATE { tentative.cite.num.names }
EXECUTE { init.cite.num.names }
EXECUTE { move.forward }
ITERATE { definitive.cite.num.names }
EXECUTE { init.cite.num.names }
EXECUTE { move.backward }
REVERSE { definitive.cite.num.names }
ITERATE { make.final.sort.key }
SORT
EXECUTE { begin.bib }
ITERATE { write.bbl.entry }
EXECUTE { end.bib }
%%
%% End of file `apacite.bst'.