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# -*- coding: binary -*-
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module Msf
3

4
###
5
#
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# This module provides methods for sending and receiving
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# raw packets. It should be preferred over the soon-to-be
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# deprecated Rex::Socket::Ip and Msf::Exploit::Remote::Ip
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# mixins.
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#
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# Please see the pcaprub documentation for more information
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# on how to use capture objects.
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#
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###
15

16
  class Exploit
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    module Capture
18

19
      #
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      # Initializes an instance of an exploit module that captures traffic
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      #
22

23
      def initialize(info = {})
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        super
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26
        register_options(
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          [
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            OptPath.new('PCAPFILE', [false, 'The name of the PCAP capture file to process']),
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            OptString.new('INTERFACE', [false, 'The name of the interface']),
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            OptString.new('FILTER', [false, 'The filter string for capturing traffic']),
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            OptInt.new('SNAPLEN', [true, 'The number of bytes to capture', 65535]),
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            OptInt.new('TIMEOUT', [true, 'The number of seconds to wait for new data', 500]),
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            Opt::RHOST
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35
          ], Msf::Exploit::Capture
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        )
37

38
        register_advanced_options(
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          [
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            OptInt.new('SECRET', [true, 'A 32-bit cookie for probe requests.', 'MSF!'.unpack('N').first]),
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            OptAddress.new('GATEWAY_PROBE_HOST',
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                           [
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                             true,
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                             'Send a TTL=1 random UDP datagram to this host to discover the default gateway\'s MAC',
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                             '8.8.8.8']),
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            OptPort.new('GATEWAY_PROBE_PORT',
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                        [
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                          false,
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                          'The port on GATEWAY_PROBE_HOST to send a random UDP probe to (random if 0 or unset)'])
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          ], Msf::Exploit::Capture
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        )
52

53
        begin
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          require 'packetfu'
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          require 'pcaprub'
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          @pcaprub_loaded = true
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        rescue ::LoadError => e
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          @pcaprub_loaded = false
59
          @pcaprub_error  = e
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        end
61

62
        begin
63
          require 'network_interface'
64
          @network_interface_loaded = true
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        rescue ::LoadError => e
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          @network_interface_loaded = false
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          @network_interface_error  = e
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        end
69

70
      end
71

72
      def stats_recv(pcap=self.capture)
73
        return(0) unless pcap
74
        pcap.stats['recv']
75
      end
76

77
      def stats_drop(pcap=self.capture)
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        return(0) unless pcap
79
        pcap.stats['drop']
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      end
81

82
      def stats_ifdrop(pcap=self.capture)
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        return(0) unless pcap
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        pcap.stats['ifdrop']
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      end
86

87
      #
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      # Opens a handle to the specified device
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      #
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      def open_pcap(opts={})
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        check_pcaprub_loaded
92
        if RUBY_PLATFORM == "i386-mingw32"
93
          if opts['INTERFACE'] or datastore['INTERFACE']
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            dev = opts['INTERFACE'] || datastore['INTERFACE']
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            if is_interface?(dev)
96
              dev = get_interface_guid(dev)
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            end
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          end
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        else
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          dev = opts['INTERFACE'] || datastore['INTERFACE'] || nil
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        end
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103
        len = (opts['SNAPLEN'] || datastore['SNAPLEN'] || 65535).to_i
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        tim = (opts['TIMEOUT'] || datastore['TIMEOUT'] || 0).to_i
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        fil = opts['FILTER'] || datastore['FILTER']
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        do_arp = (opts['ARPCAP'] == false) ? false : true
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108
        # Look for a PCAP file
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        cap = datastore['PCAPFILE'] || ''
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111
        if (not cap.empty?)
112
          if (not File.exist?(cap))
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            raise RuntimeError, "The PCAP file #{cap} could not be found"
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          end
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          self.capture = ::Pcap.open_offline(cap)
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        else
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          dev ||= ::Pcap.lookupdev
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119
          unless RUBY_PLATFORM == "i386-mingw32"
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            system("ifconfig", dev, "up")
121
          end
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123
          self.capture = ::Pcap.open_live(dev, len, true, tim)
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          if do_arp
125
            self.arp_capture = ::Pcap.open_live(dev, 512, true, tim)
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            preamble         = datastore['SECRET'].to_i
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            arp_filter       = "arp[6:2] = 2 or (udp[8:4] = #{preamble})"
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            self.arp_capture.setfilter(arp_filter)
129
          end
130
        end
131

132
        if (not self.capture)
133
          raise RuntimeError, "Could not start the capture process"
134
        elsif (do_arp and !self.arp_capture and cap.empty?)
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          raise RuntimeError, "Could not start the ARP capture process"
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        end
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138
        self.capture.setfilter(fil) if fil
139
      end
140

141
      def close_pcap
142
        return unless self.capture
143
        self.capture     = nil
144
        self.arp_capture = nil
145
      end
146

147
      def capture_extract_ies(raw)
148
        set = {}
149
        idx = 0
150
        len = 0
151

152
        while (idx < raw.length)
153
          len = raw[idx+1]
154
          return set unless len
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          set[raw[idx]] ||= []
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          set[raw[idx]].push(raw[idx + 2, len])
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          idx += len + 2
158
        end
159

160
        return set
161
      end
162

163
      #
164
      # Loop through each packet
165
      #
166
      def each_packet
167
        return unless capture
168
        @capture_count ||= 0
169
        capture.each do |pkt|
170
          yield(pkt)
171
          @capture_count += 1
172
        end
173
        @capture_count
174
      end
175

176
      # Injects a packet on the wire. For all injection-related functions, it's
177
      # on the module to open up a capture device first (this way, we don't
178
      # needlessly spawn new capture devices).
179
      def inject(pkt="", pcap=self.capture)
180
        check_pcaprub_loaded
181
        if not pcap
182
          raise RuntimeError, "Could not access the capture process (remember to open_pcap first!)"
183
        else
184
          pcap.inject(pkt.to_s) # Can be a PacketFu Packet object or a pre-packed string
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        end
186
      end
187

188
      # Injects an Ethernet packet with an optional payload. The payload
189
      # may be a regular PacketFu packet, an EthHeader, or a string.
190
      def inject_eth(args={})
191
        eth_daddr   = args[:eth_daddr] || "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"
192
        eth_saddr   = args[:eth_saddr] || "00:00:00:00:00:00"
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        eth_type    = args[:eth_type] || 0x0800 # IP default
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        payload     = args[:payload]
195
        pcap        = args[:pcap] || self.capture
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        p           = PacketFu::EthPacket.new
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        p.eth_daddr = eth_daddr
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        p.eth_saddr = eth_saddr
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        p.eth_proto = eth_type
200
        if payload
201
          if payload.kind_of? PacketFu::EthPacket
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            p.payload = payload.eth_header.body
203
          elsif payload.kind_of? PacketFu::EthHeader
204
            p.payload = payload.body
205
          else
206
            p.payload = payload.to_s
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          end
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        end
209
        inject p.to_s, pcap
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      end
211

212
      def inject_pcap(pcap_file, filter=nil, delay = 0, pcap=self.capture)
213
        check_pcaprub_loaded
214
        unless pcap
215
          raise RuntimeError, "Could not access the capture process (remember to open_pcap first!)"
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        end
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218
        if (not File.exist?(pcap_file))
219
          raise RuntimeError, "The PCAP file #{pcap_file} could not be found"
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        end
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222
        if (pcap_file.empty?)
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          raise RuntimeError, "The PCAP file #{pcap_file} is empty"
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        end
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226
        capture_file = ::Pcap.open_offline(pcap_file)
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        capture_file.setfilter(filter) if filter
228
        while (pkt = capture_file.next) do
229
          pcap.inject(pkt)
230
          Rex.sleep((delay * 1.0)/1000)
231
        end
232
      end
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234
      # Sends a payload to a given target using the pcap capture interface
235
      #
236
      # == Parameters:
237
      # payload:: The payload String to send
238
      # dhost:: the destination host to send to
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      # bcast:: set to `true` to send to the broadcast address if necessary
240
      # dev:: the name of the network interface to send the payload on
241
      #
242
      # == Returns:
243
      # The number of bytes sent iff the payload was successfully sent/injected.  `false` otherwise
244
      def capture_sendto(payload="", dhost=nil, bcast=false, dev=nil)
245
        raise RuntimeError, "Could not access the capture process (remember to open_pcap first!)" unless self.capture
246
        raise RuntimeError, "Must specify a host to sendto" unless dhost
247
        dev              ||= datastore['INTERFACE']
248
        dst_mac, src_mac = lookup_eth(dhost, dev)
249
        if dst_mac == nil and not bcast
250
          vprint_error("Unable to determine the destination MAC for #{dhost} on #{dev} and bcast is false")
251
          return false
252
        end
253
        inject_eth(:payload => payload, :eth_daddr => dst_mac, :eth_saddr => src_mac)
254
      end
255

256
      # The return value either be a PacketFu::Packet object, or nil
257
      def inject_reply(proto=:udp, pcap=self.capture)
258
        # Defaults to ~2 seconds
259
        to = ((datastore['TIMEOUT'] || 500).to_f * 4) / 1000.0
260
        raise RuntimeError, "Could not access the capture process (remember to open_pcap first!)" if not pcap
261
        begin
262
          ::Timeout.timeout(to) do
263
            pcap.each do |r|
264
              packet = PacketFu::Packet.parse(r)
265
              next unless packet.proto.map { |x| x.downcase.to_sym }.include? proto
266
              return packet
267
            end
268
          end
269
        rescue ::Timeout::Error
270
        end
271
       nil
272
      end
273

274
      # This ascertains the correct Ethernet addresses one should use to
275
      # ensure injected IP packets actually get where they are going, and
276
      # manages the self.arp_cache hash. It always uses self.arp_capture
277
      # to inject and capture packets, and will always first fire off a
278
      # UDP packet using the regular socket to learn the source host's
279
      # and gateway's mac addresses.
280
      def lookup_eth(addr=nil, iface=nil)
281
        raise RuntimeError, "Could not access the capture process." unless self.arp_capture
282

283
        self.arp_cache ||= {}
284
        self.dst_cache ||= {}
285

286
        return self.dst_cache[addr] if self.dst_cache[addr]
287

288
        if !self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(addr)]
289
          probe_gateway(addr)
290
        end
291

292
        src_mac = self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(addr)]
293
        if should_arp?(addr)
294
          dst_mac = self.arp_cache[addr] || arp(addr)
295
        else
296
          dst_mac = self.arp_cache[:gateway]
297
        end
298

299
        self.dst_cache[addr] = [dst_mac, src_mac]
300
      end
301

302
      def probe_gateway(addr)
303
        dst_host = datastore['GATEWAY_PROBE_HOST']
304
        dst_port = datastore['GATEWAY_PROBE_PORT'].to_i == 0 ? rand(30000) + 1024 : datastore['GATEWAY_PROBE_PORT']
305
        preamble = [datastore['SECRET']].pack("N")
306
        secret   = "#{preamble}#{Rex::Text.rand_text(rand(0xff)+1)}"
307

308
        begin
309
          UDPSocket.open do |sock|
310
            sock.setsockopt(::Socket::IPPROTO_IP, ::Socket::IP_TTL, 1)
311
            sock.send(secret, 0, dst_host, dst_port)
312
          end
313
        rescue Errno::ENETUNREACH
314
          # This happens on networks with no gateway. We'll need to use a
315
          # fake source hardware address.
316
          self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(addr)] = "00:00:00:00:00:00"
317
        end
318

319
        begin
320
          to = ((datastore['TIMEOUT'] || 500).to_f * 8) / 1000.0
321
          ::Timeout.timeout(to) do
322
            loop do
323
              my_packet = inject_reply(:udp, self.arp_capture)
324
              next unless my_packet
325
              next unless my_packet.payload == secret
326
              dst_mac = self.arp_cache[:gateway] = my_packet.eth_daddr
327
              src_mac = self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(addr)] = my_packet.eth_saddr
328
              return [dst_mac, src_mac]
329
            end
330
          end
331
        rescue ::Timeout::Error
332
          # Well, that didn't work (this is common on networks where there's no gateway, like
333
          # VMWare network interfaces. We'll need to use a fake source hardware address.
334
          self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(addr)] = "00:00:00:00:00:00"
335
        end
336
      end
337

338
      # A pure-Ruby ARP exchange. It uses self.arp_capture to send and recv
339
      # packets, rather than self.capture.
340
      def arp(target_ip=nil)
341
        return self.arp_cache[target_ip] if self.arp_cache[target_ip]
342
        return self.arp_cache[:gateway] unless should_arp? target_ip
343
        source_ip = Rex::Socket.source_address(target_ip)
344
        raise RuntimeError, "Could not access the capture process." unless self.arp_capture
345

346
        p = arp_packet(target_ip, source_ip)
347

348
        # Try up to 3 times to get an ARP response
349
        1.upto(3) do
350
          inject_eth(:eth_type  => 0x0806,
351
            :payload   => p,
352
            :pcap      => self.arp_capture,
353
            :eth_saddr => self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(target_ip)]
354
          )
355
          begin
356
            to = ((datastore['TIMEOUT'] || 500).to_f * 8) / 1000.0
357
            ::Timeout.timeout(to) do
358
              loop do
359
                my_packet = inject_reply(:arp, self.arp_capture)
360
                next unless my_packet
361
                next unless my_packet.arp_saddr_ip == target_ip
362
                self.arp_cache[target_ip] = my_packet.eth_saddr
363
                return self.arp_cache[target_ip]
364
              end
365
            end
366
          rescue ::Timeout::Error
367
          end
368
        end
369
        nil
370
      end
371

372
      # Creates a full ARP packet, mainly for use with inject_eth()
373
      def arp_packet(target_ip=nil, source_ip=nil)
374
        p               = PacketFu::ARPPacket.new
375
        p.arp_opcode    = 1
376
        p.arp_daddr_ip  = target_ip || datastore['RHOST']
377
        p.arp_saddr_ip  = source_ip || datastore['LHOST']
378
        my_eth          = self.arp_cache[Rex::Socket.source_address(target_ip)]
379
        p.arp_saddr_mac = my_eth || "00:00:00:00:00:00"
380
        return p
381
      end
382

383
      # Allow modules to reset their arp caches arbitrarily.
384
      def expire_arpcache
385
        self.arp_cache = {}
386
      end
387

388
      # For compatibility with Msf::Exploit::Remote::Ip
389
      def rhost
390
        datastore['RHOST']
391
      end
392

393
      def check_pcaprub_loaded
394
        if not @pcaprub_loaded
395
          print_status("The Pcaprub module is not available: #{@pcaprub_error}")
396
          raise RuntimeError, "Pcaprub not available"
397
        elsif not @network_interface_loaded
398
          print_status("The NetworkInterface module is not available: #{@network_interface_error}")
399
          raise RuntimeError, "NetworkInterface not available"
400
        else
401
          true
402
        end
403
      end
404

405
      def lookupnet
406
        check_pcaprub_loaded
407
        dev  = datastore['INTERFACE'] || ::Pcap.lookupdev
408
        begin
409
          my_ip, my_mask = Pcap.lookupnet(dev)
410
          # convert the netmask obtained from the relevant interface to CIDR
411
          cidr_mask = my_mask.to_s(2).count('1')
412
          my_net = IPAddr.new("#{my_ip}/#{cidr_mask}")
413
        rescue RuntimeError => e
414
          @pcaprub_error = e
415
          print_status("Cannot stat device: #{@pcaprub_error}")
416
          raise RuntimeError, "Pcaprub error: #{@pcaprub_error}"
417
        end
418
        return my_net
419
      end
420

421
      def should_arp?(ip)
422
        lookupnet.include?(IPAddr.new(ip))
423
      end
424

425
      attr_accessor :capture, :arp_cache, :arp_capture, :dst_cache
426

427
      # Netifaces code
428

429
      def netifaces_implemented?
430
        @network_interface_loaded and
431
          NetworkInterface.respond_to?(:interfaces) and
432
          NetworkInterface.respond_to?(:addresses)
433
      end
434

435
      def list_interfaces
436
        check_pcaprub_loaded
437
        NetworkInterface.interfaces
438
      end
439

440
      def is_interface?(dev)
441
        check_pcaprub_loaded
442
        if RUBY_PLATFORM == "i386-mingw32"
443
          if dev =~ /\\Device\\NPF_\{[A-F0-9]{8}-[A-F0-9]{4}-[A-F0-9]{4}-[A-F0-9]{4}-[A-F0-9]{12}\}/
444
            return NetworkInterface.interfaces.include?(dev)
445
          elsif dev.to_s =~ /^[0-9]{1,2}$/
446
            if (dev.to_i <= NetworkInterface.interfaces.length) and (dev.to_i >= 0)
447
              return true
448
            else
449
              return false
450
            end
451
          else
452
            return false
453
          end
454
        else
455
          return NetworkInterface.interfaces.include?(dev)
456
        end
457
      end
458

459
      # This function is useful only on windows where pcaprub use the GUID
460
      def get_interface_guid(dev)
461
        check_pcaprub_loaded
462
        if RUBY_PLATFORM == "i386-mingw32"
463
          if dev.to_s =~ /^[0-9]{1,2}$/
464
            if is_interface?(dev)
465
              NetworkInterface.interfaces[(dev.to_i) - 1]
466
            else
467
              return dev
468
            end
469
          else
470
            return dev
471
          end
472
        else #Non windows
473
          return dev
474
        end
475
      end
476

477
      def get_mac(dev)
478
        check_pcaprub_loaded
479
        dev   = get_interface_guid(dev)
480
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
481
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} does not exist" if !addrs
482
        raise RuntimeError, "Cannot get mac address for interface #{dev}" if !addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_LINK][0]['addr']
483
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_LINK][0]['addr']
484
      end
485

486
      def get_ipv4_addr_count(dev)
487
        check_pcaprub_loaded
488
        dev   = get_interface_guid(dev)
489
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
490
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} does not exist" if !addrs
491
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET].length
492
      end
493

494
      def get_ipv4_addr(dev, num=0)
495
        check_pcaprub_loaded
496
        dev   = get_interface_guid(dev)
497
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
498
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} does not exist" if !addrs
499
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} does not have an ipv4 address at position #{num}" if addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET].length < num + 1
500
        raise RuntimeError, "Cannot get the IPv4 address for interface #{dev}" if !addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET][num]['addr']
501
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET][num]['addr']
502
      end
503

504
      def get_ipv4_netmask(dev, num=0)
505
        check_pcaprub_loaded
506
        dev   = get_interface_guid(dev)
507
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
508
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} does not exist" if !addrs
509
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} does not have an ipv4 address at position #{num}" if addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET].length < num + 1
510
        raise RuntimeError, "Cannot get IPv4 netmask for interface #{dev}" if !addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET][num]['netmask']
511
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET][num]['netmask']
512
      end
513

514
      def get_ipv4_broadcast(dev, num=0)
515
        check_pcaprub_loaded
516
        dev   = get_interface_guid(dev)
517
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
518
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not exists" if !addrs
519
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not have an ipv4 address at position #{num}" if addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET].length < num + 1
520
        raise RuntimeError, "Cannot get IPv4 broadcast address for interface #{dev}" if !addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET][num]['broadcast']
521
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET][num]['broadcast']
522
      end
523

524
      def get_ipv6_addr_count(dev)
525
        check_pcaprub_loaded
526
        dev = get_interface_guid(dev)
527
        raise RuntimeError, "IPv6 information is not available on this platform" unless ::NetworkInterface.const_defined?(:AF_INET6)
528
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
529
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not exists" if !addrs
530
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6].length
531
      end
532

533
      # NOTE: IPv6 is not implemented on Windows
534
      def get_ipv6_addr(dev, num=0)
535
        check_pcaprub_loaded
536
        dev = get_interface_guid(dev)
537
        raise RuntimeError, "IPv6 information is not available on this platform" unless ::NetworkInterface.const_defined?(:AF_INET6)
538
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
539
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not exists" if !addrs
540
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not have an ipv6 address at position #{num}" if addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6].length < num + 1
541
        raise RuntimeError, "Cannot get ipv6 address for interface #{dev}" if !addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6][num]['addr']
542
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6][num]['addr'].gsub(/%(.)*$/, '')
543
      end
544

545
      def get_ipv6_netmask(dev, num=0)
546
        check_pcaprub_loaded
547
        dev = get_interface_guid(dev)
548
        raise RuntimeError, "IPv6 information is not available on this platform" unless ::NetworkInterface.const_defined?(:AF_INET6)
549
        addrs = NetworkInterface.addresses(dev)
550
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not exists" if !addrs
551
        raise RuntimeError, "Interface #{dev} do not have an ipv6 address at position #{num}" if addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6].length < num + 1
552
        raise RuntimeError, "Cannot get ipv6 netmask address for interface #{dev}" if !addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6][num]['netmask']
553
        addrs[NetworkInterface::AF_INET6][num]['netmask']
554
      end
555

556
      # Protocol-specific encoding/decoding methods until more
557
      # application protos get into PacketFu proper
558

559
      # Intended to be used as the payload to an ICMP echo request's payload
560
      def capture_icmp_echo_pack(id=nil, seq=nil, payload=nil)
561
        id  ||= rand(0x10000)
562
        seq ||= rand(0x10000)
563
        [id, seq, payload.to_s].pack("nna*")
564
      end
565

566
      # Decodes and ICMP echo request or response.
567
      def capture_icmp_echo_unpack(data)
568
        data.unpack("nna*")
569
      end
570

571
    end
572

573
  end
574

575
end
576

577